Features of grafting apple trees in summer

Many gardeners are familiar with the concept of grafting fruit trees.This is the perfect way to save valuable tree species. Sometimes grafts are used to renew the old garden.

However, not every one of them represents what the execution of this process looks like. But this is no big deal.

Vaccination of apple trees is most often carried out in the summer. It is necessary to consider in detail all the details of this procedure so that you can do it yourself. This is especially important for novice gardeners. The rules are not too difficult, just need to grasp the essence of the process.

An apple tree is being grafted at a time when new shoots no longer grow. During this period, the axillary buds are already fully matured. They are perfect as material for this process.

To determine whether the apple tree is ready for grafting, it is necessary to look at the condition of the kidneys, as well as the adherence of the bark. The upper part of the kidney must be fully formed. As well as the distance between the nodes on the top of the young shoots should decrease.

To determine the degree of adherence of the cortex, an incision should be made on the branch where the inoculation will be made. After you have to try to slightly disconnect it from the branch. If the bark is easily detached, you can proceed to the vaccination.

Another rule is the ability to distinguish between flower and growth buds. For example, at the top of the shoot, there are usually more growth buds. In the middle you can see both. At the bottom of the shoot, growth buds predominate.

To distinguish them is not very difficult. Flower buds have a round configuration. They are also slightly larger. Growths are elongated and slightly flattened buds. Therefore, even a novice gardener can distinguish them.

Cuttings for grafting should be cut where there are more growth buds on the branches. In addition, they should be already rude, but with young leaves and very smooth bark. The length of the cutting should be at least thirty centimeters, and the diameter of its slice - at least six millimeters.

Preparation of shoots should take place early in the morning. Ideally, from four in the morning to ten. If the vaccination will be carried out in the next three hours, then you should not put cuttings in the water. It will be enough to put them in the shade, remove all the leaves and the upper part from them and wrap them with a moistened rag. In the summer, vaccination can only be carried out by budding. She is in two ways: in the butt, and in the T-shaped incision.

But also do not forget about the benefits of vaccination in the summer:

• cuttings will not need to be harvested for the winter and stored;
• if the vaccination, made in spring time, did not take root, then the summer one will help to save the precious year of time;
• during this period, vaccination takes root better and does not require additional care.

Many people think that such a process is possible only in the spring, even before the juice appears. But such a judgment is wrong. Vaccinations can be done in the summer. Most gardeners begin to do them in late July, and ends in mid-August.

However, it can be carried out in June. It all depends on factors such as temperature and rain. The only thing that needs to be done is to make sure that the tree is fully prepared for such a process.

Resistance to frost, temperature, drought or high humidity is most commonly valued in rootstocks. But first and foremost is its compatibility with the graft. Of course, there are cases when completely different cultures take root, but these are only exceptions to the rules.

The most common process is grafting on the wild. Wild apple has many advantages. It is not afraid of even severe frosts, it is resistant to life, besides, it is quite resistant to many fungal diseases.

In the summer, vaccination is not difficult at all. These stocks can easily be transplanted without much effort to your site.After he grows up, you can proceed to the vaccination.

Methods of vaccination, there are a large number. These include the following options: in the split, in the cut, as well as a bridge. To familiarize yourself with them, it is necessary to take a closer look at all the details of each of the processes.

This method is quite simple and most popular among gardeners. However, it will be better to carry it out together with someone in order to do the work faster and more accurately. The vaccination is carried out both on the base of the trunk and on the processes that are located on the side. So, on the largest branch of the stock, as well as on the trunk, it is necessary to make a split, the depth of which will be equal to three centimeters.

If the graft is done correctly, the seedling will grow pretty quickly. So, in the first year, the increase can be up to ten centimeters. All vaccinations that are carried out in the summer, take root at sixty percent. That is why all experienced gardeners and try to make them in this period.

This method is also called budding. Vaccinated in July and the first half of August. To implement it, it is necessary to cut the cuttings, the length of which should be about forty centimeters. They must be necessarily from the increase of the previous year. Also, all cuttings should have a rather smooth and stiff bark, and their leaves look very healthy. They should be removed from the stock so that the moisture does not actively evaporate.

In addition, you need to remove all the branches that are twenty centimeters from the ground. The place where the eye will be taken for the future of the scion, you need to wash it with clean water and wipe dry with a dry cloth.

With the help of an ordinary knife on the stock it is necessary to cut up to three centimeters in the shape of a letter T. The bark should be lifted by the corners to the place where the intersection turned out. After that, you need to choose a bud on the handle and cut it, as well as part of the stem, the length of which should be about three centimeters.

You need to move the bark with a knife so that the stem with the kidney can easily enter there. You need to insert it all the way, holding the cutting a little. If it is too big, it should be cut a little. After this, the place where the vaccine was given should be wrapped with tape. However, the kidney must be left open.

Very often, gardeners come across cuttings of such apple varieties that are difficult to reach, but there is nothing to do with the graft. In this case, it can be done on the root system of the tree. Often the roots are not very deep and, digging up the ground, they can be easily found.

After that, it is necessary to incise the root approximately one meter from the trunk itself. Next, you need to very thoroughly rinse it with water and wipe dry with a soft cloth. Then the root must be cleaned with a fairly sharp knife.

The vaccine itself must be done in a way behind the bark with a saddle. After you need to wrap it with tape. All parts of the cutting must be treated with a garden pitch. So that the graft does not break off, you need to isolate it with any pegs.

This method is distinguished by an interesting technology that allows you to inoculate with green cuttings and even fresh branches. They can be grafted into the cut in different ways. This can be a side and corner option. However, for the summer heat is more suitable angular option. He will be able to provide a seedling greater survival.

To make such an inoculation, you need to pick up for the scion such branches, the thickness of which does not exceed twenty millimeters. The bark in this case should remain rather thin.

First you need to prepare the stalk. It is necessary to make the necessary cut. Meanwhile, on a stump with a fairly sharp knife, you need to make a couple of corner grooves. They should be parallel. This will make it possible to split the size of the cutting itself.

Then it is necessary to insert a graft into the cut, after which pour all the garden pitch. Vaccination must be wrapped with electrical tape. This method has a large survival rate.

Such a graft is often made when the bark of the tree is damaged. This often happens when the plant is improperly watered or damaged by rodents. As a result, it can lead to his death. Therefore, for his salvation, you can be vaccinated with a bridge.

For this, the edges of the wounded bark need to be expanded until a young tissue appears. Above the place of its damage, as well as under it, it is necessary to make the necessary cuts.

Then you need to take the cuttings previously prepared by the inocula shears and make the necessary cuts on them. After that, they must be inserted into the cuts on the bark and bend the grafts in the form of an arc. Such cuttings must be inserted everywhere around the damaged tree.

After that, they need to be poured over with garden pitch and wrapped with tape, which can be removed in a few weeks. This is done when the cutting starts to grow.

In making the vaccination in the summer, you must adhere to some recommendations that will be very useful. Thus, the height of the graft to create a new seedling directly depends on the location of the climatic zone. Usually it is made at a height of up to twenty-five centimeters. However, in those regions where winters are snowless and the frosts are too strong, the height reaches fifty centimeters from the ground.

There are cases when vaccination is needed for re-vaccination, that is, to grow the best and high-quality variety of apples on an already grown tree. Then the place for the graft must be chosen taking into account the quality of the bark.

Regardless of the method of vaccination, already literally in fourteen or twenty days you can remove the winding from the shields. At this point, it will be clear whether grafts have taken root or not. If successful, the stem will turn yellow, dry, and also fall off.

The next season, after the bud is dissolved, a spike should be left directly above it. This is a small section of the stem, up to ten centimeters. It is then left so that an emerging sprout can be tied to it. When he is completely stiff, you will need to cut the spike.

If the process was unsuccessful, the petioles simply dry out and become wrinkled. In such cases, the vaccination is repeated the next year or the same, if time permits. Do not be upset, because unsuccessful vaccinations are not uncommon.

Grafting in the summertime allows not only to preserve the sort of apple that is very expensive, but also helps rejuvenate the whole old garden. In addition, if the spring vaccination has not taken root, then there is no need to wait another year to repeat it. You can try again next season, that is, in the summer. The main thing is to follow the existing rules when inoculating, and also to follow the rules of hygiene. And after a few years, you can try your favorite apples from grafted branches.

To learn how to plant an apple in the summer, see the following video for the rules of budding and vaccination terms.