Brown spots on the leaves of an apple tree: why do they appear and what to do with it?

In order for the apple tree to bring harvest, delighting with tasty and juicy fruits, it requires a certain care and careful attitude to itself. This tree may be subject to various diseases, attacks of pests, as a result of which brown spots appear on the leaves. Gradually, such leaves wither and fall.

If time does not take action to eliminate the causes that provoked the appearance of brown spots, then you can not wait for the harvest.

We will understand in more detail the main reasons that led to a similar disease of the apple tree, and also consider the popular ways of dealing with this ailment and preventive measures that will allow to avoid such problems in the future.

There are two main reasons why brown spots appear on the leaves of an apple tree:

1. insufficient amount of nutrients;
2. the appearance of pests.

Consider in more detail every reason.

Shortage of microelements that are important for tree development can become a serious problem of the appearance of brown spots on the leaves of an apple tree. The lack of one or another element will affect the color and location of spots on the leaf. Brown spots can appear both in the middle of the leaf, and along the edges, as well as affect the tips.

Often the reason that the leaves turn brown and dry is the insufficient number of individual chemical elements in the soil.

• Nitrogen - if this substance is not enough in the ground, then the leaves of the apple tree become yellow very quickly, their growth stops. At the same time, the shoots of the tree become brown. They can not grow to normal values, early falling.
• Phosphorus - an insufficient amount of such an element is the reason why the leaves turn brown and dry. At the same time, they acquire a bluish tinge, spots of crimson or purple appear on them. Leaves stop growing. Their edges twist slightly down. Leaflets quickly become old and dried, gradually falling off. If preventive measures are not carried out in a timely manner, then the sapling may be very late with the period of appearance of flowers and the ripening of fruits, which in some cases may not appear at all.
• Manganese - if this substance is missing, a dark yellow bloom appears on the leaves, while the veins of the leaflet remain green. If nothing is done, then the shoot will die off soon.
• Potassium - The color of the leaves becomes brown, then there is a gradual drying of the foliage, which has not reached the normal size. The branches on the trunk of a young tree also dry out.

• Copper - if there is a shortage of it, then the tips and edges of the leaves turn brown. Cracks and swellings will appear on the trunk of the tree, and the tip of the shoot will gradually begin to dry out and die.
• Magnesium - if there is a lack of such an element, then the leaves begin to turn yellow prematurely, purple dots appear on them. Magnesium deficiency also affects the taste of fruits, which also become very small. Mature leaves are rapidly beginning to fall off, gradually the turn comes to the young leaves.
• Boron - an insufficient amount of such a substance adversely affects the apple tree. The stalk ceases to grow, the skin on the apple itself becomes stiff and thick. An apple tastes bitter, brown spots are observed. Fruits stop falling and noticeably dry out.
• Iron - if there is not enough iron in the soil, then the leaf and its border become yellow-orange, the shoots die off quickly, and the tops of the trees dry out.

One of the most serious reasons why the leaves of the apple tree were covered with brown spots is scab disease. Its appearance provokes a fungus, which affects not only the leaves, but also flowers with stem.

Such a disease can be identified at an early stage, when a brown patina appeared on the leaves. At the next stage, the foliage dries out and its color changes to brown. In conclusion, the leaves die and fall off.

A similar ailment can appear on an apple tree at the very beginning of summer, it is distinguished by its speed of spread. After the leaves have been affected by the disease, the fungus moves to the shoots, ovaries, and eventually reaches the fruit.

The reason that the leaves on the seedlings turned brown, is also the distribution of the apple sucker, or the leaflet. Such a small pest can be difficult to notice, since it can merge perfectly with the bright green color of the foliage, as it has a green-yellow color. Brassica eating eats buds and leaves. As a result of its vital activity, brown spots appear on these areas of the young tree. This pest multiplies very quickly and spreads throughout the seedling.

In order to treat an infected apple tree, need to take several actions.

• First you need in a fairly short time to rid the tree from the diseased areas, removing the foliage, shoots, twigs and fruits that have become brown in color. Even those elements are subject to removal if there is one small brown speck on the apple leaves.
• Wood is treated with various chemicals. For these purposes, various drugs are used.
  • Bordeaux liquid - the concentration of such a solution should be 1%.
  • "Topaz".
  • “Kuproksat” - copper acetate and nitrogen are included in the composition of such a preparation. It must be used, carrying out radical watering of the tree. This drug has a complex effect, as it has the characteristics of a fungicide and mineral fertilizer at the same time.
  • "Zineb" - the concentration of this solution should not exceed 0.4%.
  • "Vectra". Wood treatment with such chemical solutions is carried out every 5-7 days.

• With the onset of spring before the appearance of buds on the trees, it is necessary to protect those places where the ailment was previously observed. This should be done until such time as the new wood is stronger. After the bark has been cleaned, it must be treated with copper sulphate (its concentration is 5%) and smeared with garden putty.
• When the leaves begin to bloom, you need to spray the apple fungicides - these are special solutions that allow you to fight against pathogens. A similar procedure is carried out 3 times, taking a break of 2 weeks.

Consider how to treat a tree if the apple leaf has become the cause of the disease.

1. Spraying is carried out with the solution of “Malathion” (its concentration should not exceed 0.3%). A similar procedure is performed when the buds have already blossomed.
2. It is necessary to fumigate an apple tree with tobacco smoke so that the entire crown of the tree is enveloped by it.

Separate attentive approach will require young apple seedlings, as they are characterized by a weakened immune system. Treat them with the use of known drugs.

1. Kemiphos - means on the basis of insecticides. This is a universal drug that allows you to cope not only with brown spots on apple leaves, but also with pests that provoked similar changes in foliage.
2. "Oleukuprit" - a similar drug is characterized by an oil structure. It must be used for processing wood in the early spring.

If the cause of brown spots on apple leaves is a lack of minerals, then it is necessary to conduct an unplanned feeding of the tree.

For example, if there is an insufficient amount of potassium, then the tree must be fed with potassium sulfate, which is sold in specialized stores. One hundred grams of this substance should be diluted in a bucket of water. For similar purposes, wood ash is also used. Three hundred grams of ash should be dissolved in a bucket of water and boiled. Then the mixture is settled, a soap solution is added to it.

As a preventive measure, it is recommended to do thinning of the tree crown in a timely manner. Thanks to this, the apple tree will be better ventilated.

As a preventive action can be carried out shallow digging the ground at the base of the seedling. Try to remove all fallen leaves. Particular attention is paid to the leaves, which prematurely changed their color. These activities will allow you to get rid of fungus spores, waiting out the winter in the fallen leaves.

In the autumn and spring, additional disinfectant treatment of wood should be done. For these purposes, you need to dissolve 600 grams of urea in a bucket of water, treating the stem and apple branches with this solution.

As a prophylactic agent for treating apple trees, the drug "Champion" is used. It allows you to create a protective film on the plant, which will prevent its infection. To prepare the solution, you need to dissolve 60 grams of this drug in a bucket of water.

Since pathogens settle on weakened trees, To avoid this, gardeners recommend:

• rarely plant fruit trees;
• properly water the apple orchard;
• feed in a timely manner and appropriate preparations;
• carefully care for both young and mature apples, constantly making sanitary pruning of trees;
• choose for planting only healthy and strong seedlings.

When planting trees, it is necessary to take into account that if an apple orchard differs in crowding of seedlings, this will provoke a rapid spread of the disease.

Since the excellent conditions for the spread of fungus is high humidity, do not be too zealous with watering, especially if there is a very rainy summer.

Try to save the area where fruit trees grow from weeds. For example, sedge, anemone and spurge become intermediate hosts of many pathogens. But the presence of bitter wormwood, on the contrary, reduces the risk of infection of apple trees with dangerous fungi.

In processing the crown of trees, gardeners recommend alternating different preparations, this will help protect the apple tree from getting used to and quickly cope with the disease.

As you can see, a timely diagnosed ailment and the measures taken to eliminate it will allow your apple orchard to recover faster and bounce back. If apple trees are carefully cared for and cared for, then they will delight them with tasty and juicy fruits.

About why brown spots appear on the leaves of an apple tree, see the next video.