Colony Apple "Vasyugan": description and cultivation of the variety

Unusual popularity recently acquired a columnar apple.There are several reasons for this: they allow you to save space on the plot, after planting the seedling soon have the first fruits, and can be used as a decorative decoration of the backyard territory. But besides the advantages, there are trees and disadvantages. To understand the characteristics of the variety, consider one of the plant species.

Apple tree "Vasyugan" colonic has frost resistance, in comparison with other representatives of this species. The variety was born in 1987, when several breeders of the Moscow Institute worked on its creation. It was possible to create a new species by crossing two other varieties of apple trees, namely: "KB5" and "Cowberry".

At the very beginning, it was actively developed in the middle zone of the country, but then it was successfully extended to the Ural and Far Eastern districts. The apple tree does not grow large, it is a semi-dwarf species, which belongs to the low-growing. Depending on the graft, the height of the plant can vary, most often it is planting no more than two meters in height. On a high graft trees reach three meters. In the year the plant can add up to 25 centimeters.

The trunk of the tree is strong, and the crown is formed compact, so it does not take up much space. The branches are not spreading and covered with small kolchatka. On average, they reach a length of 15 centimeters. But the foliage is always very thick, large, elongated shape. It has a dark green tint and small notches on the end.

The root system of the described variety is very well developed in the apple tree; it is highly resistant to various kinds of diseases.

Flowers appear on the branches in early May. The inflorescences are large, and the scent attracts numerous bees and bumblebees. That the harvest was rich Gardeners with extensive experience advise planting trees nearby, which will play the role of a pollinator, but with the same flowering period.

The formation of the fruit occurs on the existing wheelchairs. Harvesting takes place at the end of summer and the beginning of autumn. Already in the first year, the sapling will give a few apples to the sample, but if they are removed before the fruit develops, the tree will grow strong. The first fruiting can greatly weaken the tree. Subsequently, every year more and more apples form on the branches, and by the time of five years up to 8 kilograms can be collected from the plant.

The shelf life of fruits rarely exceeds one month. The tree can produce a crop for fifteen years, then the apples are getting smaller, so you should think about planting a new apple tree on the site.

On ripe fruits, a thin, but rather dense skin is formed. Red and pink color attracts attention and awakens appetite. The elongated-conical shape has a good presentation. An apple can weigh from 100 to 140 grams, but sometimes, with quality care, their weight increases to 200 grams. Inside, you will appreciate the creamy granular flesh, which has a special aroma and sweet-sour taste.

Among the main advantages of this variety is the following points:

• beautiful presentation of fruits;
• apples are great for creating numerous culinary delights;
• the tree has compact dimensions and neat crown;
• the plant is resistant to fungal diseases and pests;
• has the ability to tolerate a decrease in air temperature to -45 degrees.

The disadvantages are so insignificant that they have no effect on the demand for fruits from the modern consumer, however, they are also worth mentioning.

Among the minuses of the variety:

• short shelf life;
• root system is located close to the ground surface.

"Vasyugan" prefers a place where there is enough sun and absolutely no wind.At the same time, the quality of the soil also plays a role, since the water passing nearby can cause the death of the tree. The place should not be flooded if you want to get a quality crop. Groundwater level is at least two meters.

When a dwarf rootstock apple grows in large tubs. Despite the limited space for the development of the root system, the variety feels great and is formed. But, what is most surprising - the yield does not fall.

If the seedling is purchased on the market, be sure to pay attention to its root system and color of the bark. If they are noticeably dried, it is unlikely that the tree will take root. The presence of dark spots, growths indicates a disease.

A few weeks before planting, a pit is dug, the depth and width of which is 70 centimeters. Inside is placed top dressing, so that the sapling is better started. As a rule, the mixture is prepared by gardeners themselves from the following components:

• peat;
• land;
• dolomite flour;
• compost or humus;
• superphosphate;
• potash fertilizers.

The last two components are added in the same proportion of 50 grams.

There is a need to add sand if the planting is done in clay soil, because it is too dense, and the root system needs to get oxygen.

Only a couple of weeks, when the soil inside the pit has already subsided, you can water it and start planting a seedling. It is required to install its trunk strictly in the center, and nearby to put a stake to which the tree will be tied.

If planting is done in the northern region, then the tree bends 30 degrees. The trench provides additional wind protection.

When an apple tree is planted, this place should be seven centimeters higher from the ground. In the pit, the gardener should provide the necessary space to accommodate the root system. Before falling asleep, an experienced gardener will check whether the roots are properly distributed in order not to encounter any creases in the future.

It is not necessary to pour all the soil at once, it is laid in layers and tamped. This is the only way to avoid airspace. The pit is watered with warm water and, if possible, covered with mulch, which is used as:

• humus;
• straw;
• sawdust.

The amount of harvest they are ready to give depends on how carefully the gardener cares for their trees. Among the main activities:

• regular irrigation;
• loosening the soil under a tree and removing weeds;
• fertilization at different vegetation stages;
• pruning in summer, spring and autumn;
• treatment of diseases and pests.

Despite the fact that this variety of apple has a remarkable immune system, prophylactic treatment can not do.

If the planting was done in the fall, then all the leaves will need to be removed in order for the tree to take root and gain strength for the further formation of the fruit. In the second year, no more than six ovaries are left, and a year later this number is increased to twelve. Thus, the apple tree is given enough time to make it strong and well rooted.

With regard to watering, reviews of professional gardeners say that drip irrigation for this variety is preferred. Once a month you can water the crown. In the event that it is not possible to arrange a drip system, then every three days you need to pour two buckets of water under a young apple tree, and 3 buckets under an adult tree.If it is very hot outside and the moisture evaporates faster, you can increase the volume, but do not flood the ground under the tree. Be sure to after each watering is to loosen the earth, thereby opening the roots access to oxygen.

Need to remember that The root system of this type of apple is close to the surface, so all the work on weed removal is carried out with extreme caution.

If you want to keep the soil moist longer, you can sow dill, lemon balm or lawn grass under a tree, and then just mow them. This is not only a great tool as mulch, but also an additional organic supplement. In spring and summer you can add a solution of chicken manure or ammonium nitrate under the tree.

In the first year of life, the seedlings pay attention to the apical bud, which will then become the main shoot. In the second year, if there are several branches, you need to choose only the strongest, remove everything else with shears. If the gardener leaves these branches, the crown will not have a columnar shape, but the yield of the tree will increase.

In any case, without pruning a tree is not easy, it loses not only the yield, but also the strength to develop unnecessary shoots. On the side of the branch, you will need to remove two buds, next year there will appear two appendages. One is not touched, and the second is again trimmed with the same number of buds. The branch, which is not cut, will give fruit, it is desirable to remove it next spring, because this is how the tree undergoes a process of stimulation to the growth of new shoots.

Damaged and dry processes should be removed in the spring, before the start of sap flow.

To prevent damage by pests or fungal infections, agronomists recommend using such fungicides as a treatment agent:

• vitriol;
• Bordeaux fluid;
• "Fundazol".

Insecticides such as Ankara and Kofidor have also demonstrated their effectiveness.

If there are areas affected by powdery mildew, which has a grayish-white coating, then they must be removed, and the rest of the crown, trunk and soil under the plant should be treated with copper sulphate. From insects, numerous caterpillars and mites, it is best to use Fitoverm.

As a prevention of rodents before the onset of cold weather, mulch should be removed, and the trunk should be covered with roofing material. If the tree is provided with proper care, then with its small size you can get up to ten kilograms of delicious fruits.

On the benefits of colloid apple trees and how to care for them, see below.