Grapes "Super Extra": features and cultivation

Tasty and sweet grapes are one of the favorite types of berries by millions of people. But the quality of purchased fruit does not always meet the necessary requirements.Yes, and hand-grown is always more pleasant, not to mention the fact that it is the safest product.

A passion for viticulture encompasses an increasing number of farmers and gardeners, it is moving from the category of occupations of singles to the mass area of ​​country economy. The popularity of this industry is growing in the regions of risky farming, breeders are trying to satisfy the demand for fruit shrubs for the Moscow region.

Among the early varieties attracts attention grapes "Super Extra", bred relatively recently. Its creators have tried to compensate for the negative effect of a short and relatively cool summer. The initial basis for the work of E. G. Pavlovsky (namely, he took the most part in the project) was the Talisman and Cardinal varieties.

One adult plant can have up to 20 kg of fruits per season. The shoots of past years form stepchildren, capable of giving quite a lot of berries, if you cut them in the fall. A typical grape length is 35 mm and a width is 25 mm. Initially, the berries are painted in light, sometimes golden with a green tint. When they ripen to the end, acquire amber colors.

Grapes grow not only very quickly, but also strongly, fresh greens are green, and as they grow, they become closer to brown. Leaves splitting is unusual, in any case, it is rarely strong. In most cases, the brush accounts for 0.5–0.8 kg of berries.

However, there are record in their characteristics of plants, giving clusters of up to 1.5 kg. A close analogue of this variety, judging by the reviews, is Arcadia, which has approximately the same color and size. Egg-shaped berries are elongated, one of them can weigh from 7 to 10 g.

Grapes are covered with a moderately hard shell, although it is difficult to notice the taste. Increased strength simplifies the process of transportation. The flesh is quite juicy and fleshy, the sweetness is quite decent, the characteristics make the plant good for any localities in the Russian Federation. The main parameters are as follows:

• technical ripeness is achieved 95–100 days after sowing, depending on the climate and specific weather conditions;
• the pollination of flowers has an average intensity, they are quite strong;
• air humidity is critical;
• brushes ripen evenly throughout the volume;
• grapes can withstand temperatures up to -24 degrees, if the frost is stronger, shelter is required;
• Significant and fairly stable yields can be obtained.

To collect all the requirements, it is necessary to ration inflorescences. The fruits begin to ripen in the second season. The sugar concentration in Super Extras is 18%, and the presence of acids is limited to 5–8 g per 1 cu. m. The plant almost does not suffer from oidium and mildew. Important: the role of protection against phylloxera is great.

The weaknesses of the variety are worth noting the following:

• inconsistency in the dimensions of the berries;
• the likelihood of pea (although not affecting taste);
• rather hard peel will not suit everyone's taste;
• phylloxera prevention should be continuous, since immunity to it is not formed;
• the probability of splitting the tips of the berries on the background of significant precipitation (but it’s good that they are not subject to rotting).

It is necessary to strictly observe the recommended gaps between individual bushes and the distance from one row to another. If you ignore these requirements, the area of ​​nutrition of each bush will be insufficient, and it will not be able to develop normally. Reproduction by layering is allowed, as well as the use of a variety as a stock. Vaccination should be done at the end of autumn, using cuttings that have 2 or 3 mature buds.Such a stalk should be sharpened as if a blade, and the rest of it covered with a thin layer of paraffin.

When the cuttings are prepared, they are soaked in water and treated with a growth accelerator before vaccination. The stock at the top is notched, trying to make it as evenly as possible vertically. The stalk must be placed inside the incision, pressed and secured with cotton cloth.

Reproduction by layering involves the use of strong and well-developed shoots. They are laid on the ground, pinned and covered with soil. Gradually, the plant will give roots as soon as this happens - it can be separated from the bush and planted in a new permanent place. It is theoretically possible to grow seedlings with seeds obtained from ripe berries. But time will have to spend quite a lot, and there is also the risk of losing valuable characteristics of the variety. Therefore, seed propagation is practiced only occasionally, mainly for obtaining good rootstocks.

Regardless of the method of cultivation in the acidic soil is required to enter slaked lime or wood ash. The darkening on the landing area should be small. Even in the coldest places you should not bring bushes to houses and fences more than 1 meter. Otherwise, the nutrition of the roots will not satisfy the needs of the grapes, you will not have to rely on a large collection of berries. Not a single weed should remain on the chosen site, its clogging with garbage is also unacceptable.

Exactly 30 days before planting, the grapes need to dig a hole in the shape of a cube with a side of 0.8 m. If groundwater approaches the surface, it is required to fill the bottom of the excavation with claydite or brick battle. When planting in spring, plants are shaded with hanging agrofibre. Of course, autumn seedlings do not require such protection, but they are harder to spring even more carefully than mature grapes. When seedlings are selected in the store (on the market) or selected at the site itself, it is required to check the quality of the shoots to make sure that the roots are strong.

Fearing lack of space in the pit is not worth it - just enough for a month to shrink. The roots should be laid out and carefully watered with a fertile layer. Given its rapid growth, you will need to drive a stake. The root collar is brought out above the surface of the earth by 40–50 mm; this indicator should be maintained even after burial.

The final step in planting is to cover the poured soil with mulch. For the first 30 days after planting, seedlings must be watered weekly. Watering is stopped when 20-25 days remain until the berries mature. Failure to comply with this rule may degrade the quality of the crop, even if all other care requirements are met. When the plant is watered, the following actions should be performed:

• weeds are removed from the tree;
• loosen the ground;
• cover it with mulch with a layer of 30 mm (it is made from sawdust, moss or aged humus).

"Super Extra" - this variety is not very fastidious, cultivation is carried out not only in different climates, but also on almost any soil. But to improve the result, heavy clay soils need to be supplemented with humus and sand. It is recommended to select the most sunny plot, especially in Siberia and the Far East, the only way to compensate for the shortened growing season. It is advisable to use for planting the south-eastern edges of houses or fences in order to cover the seedlings from the wind and take advantage of the heat gained during the daytime. Watering is moderate, since both his poverty and excessive activity are bad.

Waterlogging leads to the following consequences:

• reduced yield of berries;
• lowering their quality;
• the appearance of cracked fruits.

"Super Extra" is characterized by rapid growth of the bush, so you have to shape it, cut it off. Overflowing shoots with stepchildren significantly reduces the yield and may even mechanically overload the branches against the formation of ovaries. It is recommended to cut off (pinch off) and excess inflorescences. Pruning is carried out in the fall or spring, regardless of this, there should be a maximum of 8 buds for 1 shoot. The reproduction of grapes of this variety is carried out by such classical methods as:

• grafting;
• graft;
• use of seedlings.

The blossomed grapes, as soon as the berries grow to the size of peas, eliminate the smallest clusters, each branch should have no more than 2 clusters. After completion of the fall of the vine unleash, removed from the support and put on the ground. On top of them is a thick mulch shell. Spruce paws, agrarian fiber, straw, moss or peat are put over the mulch. In the spring, only having removed all these shelters, the bush is lifted, straightened and tied to the trellis. All found lifeless and broken branches should be immediately removed from the plant.

A weak substitute for potassium permanganate can be a handicraft replacement for grape growth accelerators. In places with particularly harsh climates, it is necessary to plant Super Extra grapes exclusively in greenhouses and greenhouses. When planting in an insufficiently fertile soil, humus diluted with water should be injected into the pit. Its supplement is made on average 15 days before disembarkation. This technique avoids excessive concentration of fertilizers.

Watering a vineyard that has reached the age of four (and in subsequent years) needs to be done only a few times per season, at the most crucial moments of the plant’s life. Naturally, under adverse weather conditions, the frequency of irrigation increase or decrease. The simplest support trellis, which is easy to do with your own hands, is a pair of metal or wood posts that are connected by several lines of wound wire.

The best location of the plants is along the north-south axis. In the event of a harsh winter, you should not limit yourself to standard protection measures, but carefully cover the grapes with a layer of snow. When forming a bush, it is better to use a fan or half fan shape, since taking care of such a plant and maintaining its geometry is simplified. Vertical tapestries are more difficult to arrange than horizontal ones, but they are better suited for the formation of a decent harvest. The initial garter is made immediately when the bush reaches a height of 0.4–0.5 m.

The attachment is usually made by strips of knitted fabric, instead of it it is also permissible to take a twine or twine from natural fibers. Other types of rope and anchorage will either prove to be unreliable, or will become very squeeze and damage parts of the plant. In the course of work, it is advisable to use a specialized tool that fixes the shoots using plastic clips.

In places where dry days are replaced by rainy days, there is a high probability of fungal infection or insect invasion. Be sure to handle the planting of grapes with protective drugs, because the harm from them, if any, is much less than from ignoring such processing. Up to flowering spraying Bordeaux liquid is carried out.Treatment with fungicides should be made as soon as the protective coating is removed in the spring. All spraying, whatever preparations people use, should be carried out in dry weather, in calm, in the early morning hours.

To avoid attacks of wasps and birds, use a network with a small cell. Next to the berries hang sticky tape. Nearby you can put poisoned sugar traps. Additional protection will be provided by the treatment of faded ovaries with forchlorlorfenurone or gibberellin.

Mildew (or otherwise - downy mildew) is manifested by the formation of yellow spots, another characteristic feature is a grayish bloom. If mildew is affected, the plants should be sprayed with “Strobe”, “Arceride”, “Polyhom”, Bordeaux liquid. The drug "Strobe" helps to cope with oidium. Acrobat MC, Tiovit and colloidal sulfur are also fighting well against this disease. In case of a grape infection with a bacterial infection, it will be necessary to remove the infected areas, and sometimes uproot entire bushes.

According to experienced growers, the fight against bacteria should be complemented by treating the shrub with insecticides. Insects often become carriers of dangerous diseases, and also more readily attack an already weakened plant. It is very difficult to get rid of viral lesions, and in most cases it is completely impossible. It is recommended that the appearance of all plants be carefully monitored in order to promptly notice the appearance of disorders in the early phase of their development.

In addition to the liquid, fertilizers are also important for grapes. It is required to enter a top dressing both for roots, and for leaves. Both types of feed must be made repeatedly during the season. Best of all, when foliar nutrition of grapes is combined in time with the use of pesticides. Exact norms fertilizers can not be named, because they adapt to the quality of the earth, meteorological conditions and the actual health of the vineyard. On top of the drainage or on the clean bottom of the pit, it is necessary to fill a layer of fertile soil, to which ash, rotten (long aged) humus and superphosphate are necessarily mixed.

It is recommended to start feeding from early spring. Organic fertilizers should be replaced by mineral supplements based on potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus. Top dressing for the vegetative season is done twice - just before flowering and after its completion. The ideal complex fertilizer for 3 parts of nitrogen contains 1 share of phosphorus and 2 shares of potassium. Deviation from this proportion is extremely undesirable effect on the development of grapes.

Review grape varieties "Super Extra", see the following video.