Features grapes "Magarach"

Today's gardeners are not so easy to make a choice in favor of a grape variety because of their abundance.The question of which one to choose is decided depending on the purpose of the berry: whether it will go to food, make wine or combine both tasks. Many grape varieties became available due to the activities of the Institute "Magarach" - the oldest institution in Yalta. His scholars should be thanked for "Citron Magaracha" - the "brainchild" of the institution, grown all over Russia.

Gardeners argue that by observing agricultural techniques, this variety can produce an outstanding crop both in quantity and quality of berries. They have a muscatel flavor, and the wine from them turns fragrant and with a memorable aftertaste.

The Magarach Institute was established in 1828 and for a long time it won recognition throughout the world thanks to the regular selection of unique grape varieties. As a rule, these varieties are technical, that is, they are not used in their pure form, but are used to make wine beverages. Some of them should be discussed in more detail. The Citron Magaracha variety was bred in Crimea in the second half of the last century and was a hybrid of Madeleine Anzhevin and Novoukrainsky Early varieties. He intended for the manufacture of white wines and sparkling spirits of the highest quality. Since 2002, the variety has been officially recognized in Ukraine, and in Russia it happened in 2013. Citron Magaracha is cultivated in the North Caucasus, in the Rostov Region, Stavropol Territory and in the Krasnodar Territory, as well as in the Crimea.

Description of a grape variety suggests that medium-sized bushes have rounded smooth leaves with three lobes. The clusters show either a cone shape or a cylinder, and their weight varies between 250-350 g. The length reaches 20 cm. The fruits themselves are round and medium in size, their weight varies from 5 to 7 g. The color of the berries is yellow or yellow. green should also be added about whitish bloom. There are from 3 to 4 pits, and the skin is quite dense, but thin.

As for the yield, usually about 140 centners are collected per hectare, and this figure is not too large, but rather stable. Reviews of gardeners contain information that the taste, like the smell, of grapes is bright and specific: with a taste of citron and nutmeg. Wines obtained from berries have very high marks, for example, “White Muscatel”. In addition, despite the technical purpose of the grapes "Citronny Magaracha", this variety is popular in the "natural" form - "Muscat" with great pleasure is used as a delicacy and a source of vitamins.

"Early Magarach," or "Early 372" became available through the interbreeding of the Madeleine Angevine and Kishmish Black varieties in 1928. The cluster is rather large and slightly friable, shaped like a cone. The flowers are present in grapes of both sexes, which allows not to think about an additional pollinator. The berries are round, rich blue and covered with a thin layer of wax. Inside each is 2 or 3 bones. Pink flesh juicy, moderately sweet, "with velvet".

The fruit variety possesses innate immunity only against gray rot and does not tolerate cold - it will have to be grown in a covering way. Berries ripen in 4 months if the weather is warm, with 80% of the vine ripen before the onset of frost. The length of the bunch varies from 16 to 22 cm, and its weight reaches a maximum of 500 g. One berry weighs 2.5 g on average, and a maximum of 5 g.

The variety "Gift of Magarach" appeared by crossing "Rkatsiteli" and "Magarach 2-57-72". It ripens in 120 days and bears white grapes used for winemaking, brandy and juice production. The clusters are relatively small and in the shape of a cylinder - their weight ranges from 150 to 200 g. Round berries weigh about 1.8 g each.Initially, a white skin appears, but if the grapes overripe, then its color will change to pinkish. The flesh is slightly with mucus, the taste is pleasant, and the smell is not too saturated. The amount of sugar reaches 25%.

In addition to the above varieties, the Firstborn of Magaracha, Riesling Magaracha, Ruby Magaracha, Centaurus Magrachsky, Takvery Magaracha, Bessemyanny Magaracha and others were bred at the institute.

The main advantages of the variety varieties of the Institute "Magarach" include the fact that the harvest is always stable. With all the rules of planting and care of one hectare each season, you can collect up to 200 centners. The harvest from one bush will be about 9 kg. They appreciate these varieties of gardeners and for their durability. The grapes are not afraid of low temperatures, most often able to survive the winter -25 Cº, and also have innate immunity against common diseases such as gray rot, oidium and mildew. As for phylloxera, there is an average susceptibility.

It should be added that gardeners are pleased and the ripening period is about 4 months. Successfully matured annual shoots. Of course, the taste characteristics also belong to the pluses - the berries are sweet with a spicy flavor, they never crack. In addition, this technical grade in most cases can be consumed fresh. Among the shortcomings, perhaps, there is only the need to wrap the landing for the winter, if it happens in cold regions. This does not apply to Crimea.

The best areas for growing varieties of the Institute "Magarach" are those that are located in the Crimea, Central Asia or the Far East, since it is here that the climate is optimal for grapes, who are afraid of low temperatures. If the berry is grown somewhere in Siberia, Moscow region or even Moscow, then the south or south-east side must be chosen, which counteracts the winds and drafts to the maximum. The place should be sunny, with no available groundwater and not obscured by adjacent trees. In addition, with special care will have to deal with the wrapping of landings before the onset of winter and their protection from spring frosts.

Winter protection is carried out in several ways. The first one is dry, when the vine is still bent and pressed to the ground in the warm season so that the gap between the surface and the shoots is 10 cm. Sawdust is scattered around the perimeter, and the top is covered with a fixed plastic film. As soon as the snow falls, it will have to be placed on the "pile". In the case of complete shelter, all shoots are stacked on a wooden mat and covered with natural material that retains heat, as well as a film of polyethylene. When using a half cover, only some fragments of grapes are subjected to such a procedure, and the rest are wrapped with straw and old blankets.

It is worth mentioning a few points of cultivation of these varieties. Grapes require nutritious soil in which fertilizers have already been applied. The depth of the hole should be approximately 40 cm. If the climate is warm, the planting pattern looks like 3 by 1.5 m or 3 by 2 m. Preventive protection work against diseases and insects is carried out twice per season. We must not forget about the regular fertilizers and compliance with watering regime.

Since all the grape varieties of the Institute "Magarach" in principle are subject to the same diseases and insect invasions, it is proposed to consider this issue using the example of "Early Magarach".It does not suffer from gray rot, as the berries are harvested before the time of the spread of the disease. But grapes often become a “target” for phylloxera, mildew and black spot. Prevention is carried out several times per season, but it is important to be prepared and to solve the problem.

If the plant becomes mildew, the foliage loses its pigment and becomes covered with spots. A mold appears on the bottom plate that looks like white fluff. In this case, the grade will have to be treated with special solutions that do not contain copper. In addition, it is important to carry out prevention before the onset of flowers and at the time of active flowering. In the case of phylloxera, when different parts of the grapes are struck, the whole bush will have to be destroyed (burned) - no solutions will help. Disease black spot is expressed in the form of the appearance of black veins that can destroy the plant, if not to take prompt action.

The main pests that attack grape vines, are ants and wasps. It is necessary to solve the problem with these insects, otherwise most of the fruits will be destroyed. There are 3 main methods of struggle:

• traps;
• bait;
• complete destruction of nests.

In the first case, bags are formed from the net or traps are made from plastic bottles. In the second case, laid out poisoned "treats" for pests. In the third case, the immediate destruction of nearby aspen nests occurs. In addition, as a preventive measure, plants are put on a special net protection, which makes it difficult to access them. It also allows you to drive away the birds, claiming juicy and sweet grapes.

About grapes "Citron Magarach" see in the next video.