Kishmish grape varieties and their description

Warm summer sometimes it is so nice to eat the sweet fruits of grapes "Kishmish", which is considered to be a dessert variety. After all, the level of sugar in it often exceeds 20%. Use it as raw, and allowed for processing, in particular, produce wine.

The main feature that classifies “Kishmish” is the absence of pits. Therefore, it is so popular among the population. Most likely, this property appeared as a result of natural mutation and was fixed by subsequent selection. In some varieties, seeds continue to form, but they are in their infancy.

The place of origin of grapes is believed to be the countries of Central Asia and the Middle East, where grapes have been known since time immemorial. Dated references begin in 1212 - for example, there are descriptions of it in Uzbek fairy tales.

Due to the high percentage of sugar, this subspecies is the most high-calorie. Therefore, those who follow a diet should be careful. Caloric content of different varieties varies slightly and is about 95 kcal per 100 g of product. For raisins, these values ​​will be completely different - 270 kcal. Almost all types of “Kishmish” are stored for a long time, do not lose their presentation, withstand long-term transportation. Thanks to these qualities, it can be found on the shelves of any supermarket.

The berries must last a very long time for rot or mold to appear on them. Therefore, it is not necessary to take the brush, which appeared at least one spoiled fruit. Also, almost all subspecies of this variety are classified as rapidly maturing. A fairly high frost resistance allows you to grow Kishmish not only in the south, but also in central Russia, right up to the Urals.

This winter-hardy variety was bred by D. M. Novikov. Fruits are pale yellow in color, the berries are round, small. The ripening period is September 23-26. The sugar content is 22.6%, the acidity is low, the content is 8.6 g / l. Depending on various factors (care, weather, climate), it is possible to collect from 60 to 100 quintals from 1 hectare.

Amazingly beautiful variety. The berries are rich bright pink, large and shimmer in the sun. The variety that ripens very early was bred by amateur V. V. Zagorulko (Ukraine). Brushes of grapes are large, weighing 700 - 1500 g, in density - friable. There is a pleasant nutmeg taste. Indicators of resistance to frost and disease are average. Currently, this species is gaining increasing popularity and is considered one of the best among the "Kishmish".

The disadvantages include the fact that in hot weather soft small seeds are formed in the fruits.

It is a mid-season variety with a high degree of maturity. Ripens in four months from the beginning of the growing season. Known hybrids such as "Black Sultan", "Black Emerald" (American selection), "Black Finger" (Israeli selection). Currently, breeding of hybrid species of this variety are engaged in the Institute. Potapenko. Clusters of cone-shaped and not very large, medium density. Fruits are medium, oblong. All subspecies have a rich blue color, tending to black.

On the surface of a thin peel a small wax coating is formed. Due to the good taste of such grapes often goes to the production of dried fruits, juices, wines. It makes a great raisin. The disadvantage of the variety can be considered susceptibility to diseases such as anthracnose and oidium. Not resistant to frost. In areas of the middle band it is necessary to cover shoots for the winter. Black varieties "Kishmisha" are especially rich in vitamins A, B, C, nicotinic acid.

From the name it is clear the place of origin of this hybrid. He was bred by crossing the parental pair "Victoria" and "Rusbol". The author - E. Klyuchikov. Grapes have a conical neat bunch with not very densely placed berries. Weight is about 600 - 750 g. Some gardeners can grow specimens up to 1.5 kg. Color saturated, includes all shades of a red-violet palette. Ripens in 110 - 120 days. Sample can be removed in August.

The subspecies is very fruitful, only 5% of its shoots do not bear fruit. Maintains frosty winters with a temperature up to -25 Cº without additional shelter. Fungus is slightly affected. For the variety allowed the formation of a small number of rudimentary seeds.

The disadvantages include:

• susceptibility to wasp damage, in order to preserve the crop, the bushes should be treated with insecticides;
• in particularly productive years, shoots may be overloaded with heavy brushes and break off, therefore additional supports should be installed;

Another early hybrid. which ripens in 113 - 123 days. The cluster is small, weighing only 400 - 600 g, elliptical berries, each weighs 5 g. The color of the fruit can be from yellowish-pink to red. Grade praise for a balanced nutmeg taste, juiciness, thin skin. The hybrid is resistant to diseases, in particular, mildew. Resistant to frost down to -24 Cº. Despite the sweetness, the wasps do not choose this variety to attack, which is good news.

Country of origin - Hungary, obtained from the varieties "Perlet" and "Vimar Blann". It is a green “Kishmish”, it ripens in 110 days, so you can help yourself to it since the middle of August. Clusters are typical conical. The berries are round, reach sizes of 17 mm and weighs 4 g, very juicy. It is considered both the dining room and technical grade.

The undoubted advantages of the hybrid are:

• increased yield;
• good disease resistance rates;
• frost resistance and the ability to withstand temperatures up to -26 Cº without additional shelter.

Therefore, Hungarian is grown even in the northern regions. True, often only as a technical culture.

The very first known variety "Kishmisha", which came to us from Central Asia and the Middle East. It belongs to the dessert. Maturing dates are rather late compared to other species and are 160 - 175 days. The clusters have a cylindrical shape of medium or large size, sometimes with branches. The fruits are very dense. The berries are large, slightly elongated, sweet in taste, with a slight sour aftertaste. The skin is very thin with a slight waxy coating. The color of the fruit - from lemon to amber yellow.

There are also disadvantages:

• poor transportability and short shelf life;
• quite low yield;
• low resistance to fungus and insects, therefore, to achieve good results with this variety, you need to make a lot of effort.

Table sredneranny grade, it is removed by VN Krajnov from types "Talisman" and "Kishmish radiant". The cluster is large, the weight sometimes reaches 2 kg. The berries are also very large, fleshy, oblong. The color of the fruit is pale pink, turning into white, with a slightly darker tip and a slight touch. The skin is thick. Tastes of a grade are highly appreciated.It is thanks to the harmony of taste and excellent aftertaste that make aromatic wines and compotes, mouth-watering desserts and sweet jams.

The shoots root well, give a high yield and tolerate cold normally up to -24 C. Resistant to various diseases. Fruits are transportable, long stored.

It is also a product of V.N. Kraynov breeding. Table variety ripening in early August. A cluster of medium or large - 700 - 1500 g. Berry (up to 8 g) without rudimentary inclusions, oval, pink in color with a yellow tinge. The taste is sweet, the skin is thin, the flesh is dense. From the bush you can get a crop of up to 6 kg. Maintains temperatures to-23 S. It is steady against diseases. It is necessary to carefully apply fertilizer. From overfeeding the bush begins to bear fruit.

The dark table kishmish bred in Greece in 1979 from the varieties Alfons Lavalle and Kishmish Black, with an early term of ripening of 110-120 days. The sugar content in fruits is 16-18%. A cluster of cylindrical shape, weighing 800 - 900 g. The arrangement of berries is dense. The berries themselves are oval, occasionally oblong, 4 to 5 g each. The color is dark purple, almost black. A characteristic feature of the subspecies is a petiole note in taste. Another variety distinguishes the shape of the fruit with a characteristic recess at the tip. The skin is relatively dense, does not knit in the mouth. Consume fresh or preserved.

Bushes withstand temperatures down to -21 C. Resistant to diseases and pests. Unpretentious to the soil. Long stored after removal, without forming rot, only drying out over time. Do not rush to pluck the darkened brush. Even those that look quite ripe, in fact, may not be. It is better to give them time to ripen - then they will reveal all their taste potential.

New table hybrid matures in 105 - 110 days. Clusters weighing about 500 g of fairly loose density. With good care, they are larger. The berries are oval, pink with an attractive amber tint. Sugar content reaches 25%, so the grapes enjoy sweet tooth. There is a barely noticeable acidity and a hint of nutmeg. Unpretentious care. Easily rooted and gives a powerful increase in a year. Withstands severe frosts down to -26 C.

Hybrid variety, very early, the author is V. U. Kapelyushny. Brush weighing 700 grams or more. The density of the berries is high, the shape tends to be conical. Berries are pale yellow with a lemon shade. The shape is round, the size and weight are small - 2-3 g. The flesh is dense, thin skin is not felt when eating. Taste - pronounced nutmeg.

Typical eastern representative, table variety. It has a medium late ripening period - 135 - 140 days. The clusters are large and dense, cylindrical. The berries are not very large, egg-shaped or oval. The color ranges from yellow green to deep pink. It depends on the amount of sunlight received by the fruit. The experts noted the taste qualities as outstanding and earned a rating of 9.2 out of 10. Sweetness is high - 22-30%. Peel is not felt. Strongly pronounced notes of strawberry. Grapes are best fresh, but do not lose their value when drying. The raisin is fragrant, though of a non-uniform color.

The variety is not frost resistant. Its maximum is frosts up to -15 C. So, the subspecies can be grown only in the southern regions with a large amount of heat and light. With one bush in the productive years, you can collect up to 20 kg.

Plant grapes "Kishmish" can be in the spring and autumn. In the spring it is done after the establishment of stable warm weather.From the third decade of April to the end of May. In the autumn, they make a landing in the ground before the first frosts in October, warming the saplings for the winter. Place for landing choose a sunny and spacious. For kishmish, it is necessary to provide for the construction of supports. The distance from the buildings should be at least 1 m, and the seedlings among themselves - 2-3 m.

A hole is dug out, 70 cm deep and 80 cm in diameter. Gravel is poured, then a mixture of humus, sand and sod prepared in advance is placed on top of it. Dig in support and place the seedling, cover with earth. In the future, pruning is done on 2 eyes, watering and mulching the kidney. After 3 months it is necessary to pin the tops of the shoots. Cutting "Kishmish" is recommended to make the classical scheme, for 8 - 12 eyes. In the bush leave 10 - 12 vines at the rate of 1 m in height. At 6 square meters. m traditionally accounts for an average of 25 vines.

Almost all varieties are demanding for watering. Its quantity depends on the soil. Black soil retains moisture better, so seedlings need a little less water than sandy soil. On average, a bush accounts for 30 liters per week. It is highly desirable to arrange drip irrigation plants. Feed with care nitrogen fertilizers, pantofol. Then sulfates, potassium and magnesium are introduced into the soil.

In the next video you will see a step by step pruning of grapes.

Most modern varieties of "Kishmish" initially have a high immunity to diseases such as mildew (downy mildew), oidium (powdery mildew).

However, seedlings still need to be treated with fungicides. In the spring and as needed, the bushes are sprayed with blue vitriol. Wasps cause great harm to sweet varieties. You can get rid of them, fumigating shoots with smoke, setting traps with syrup. Extreme remedy is boric acid.

The lower leaves of the vine can be subjected to attacks of spider mites, the roots - the larvae of the Maybug. The green part is favored by leaflets. To combat them apply spraying complex insecticides. After processing the vines and harvesting, a minimum of one month should pass. Well proven drugs: Confidor, Aktellik, Fundazol.

Summing up, it should be said that “Kishmish” is an excellent grape for cultivation in the garden plot. With proper care for the plant, you will be rewarded many times for your efforts, getting a harvest of delicious berries.