Trellis for grapes: dimensions, design, drawings and installation

To date, there is practically no gardener who would not have grapes on his plot. This plant is not only a good product, but also an excellent decoration for the site. Like any other plant, grapes require careful maintenance of themselves. Its growth and development requires suitable conditions: more space and reliable support. It was for this purpose that the tapestries were invented.

These structures do not allow the grapes to sag and create the shade necessary for its growth. Tapestries can be bought, but you can do it yourself.

For the construction and installation of a grape trellis is required to consider several factors at once:

• landing pattern;
• plant variety;
• way to trim.

If grapes are planted on a plot for the first time, then too perfect and heaped trellis will not be useful at all. Temporary buildings should be used. With its further installation it is impossible to tighten it, because already three years after planting the first fruits appear on the plant. Later, the root system is getting stronger, and it will be impossible to mount the trellis anymore.

Since the tapestry is not a temporary device, it is necessary to approach the choice of a place for it very carefully and carefully. It should be a spacious and sunlit place. The rows of supports should be directed towards the north. This will allow sunlight to fall absolutely on all areas of the plant.

The distance between the rows should be two meters. The remaining space can be used for planting fruit or other crops. This will save space. It would be nice if thick trees grow from the north side of the trellis - this can cover the plants from the cruel north wind. But closely growing trees on the west and east sides will be a big hindrance to getting sunlight. From such trees, grapes should be planted away.

It is desirable that under the grape was a flat area. Better yet, it should be slightly tilted to the south and south-west. Such a place is the most suitable for optimal warming up of plants. The best soil for the roots of grapes is loose soil. Excessive dampness affects them negatively. The length of the roots of grapes can reach eight meters, so that they get moisture even during droughts.

The scheme of this planting contains two main factors - the gap between the bushes in each row and the gap between the rows. Each directly depends on the type of trellis and on the type of grapes selected. If it is vigorous, then it is better to plant it further away from the rest of the bushes.

To calculate the required gap among the bushes, you need to remember the running meters. The load on the bush - 30 green shoots. But the shoots of some varieties are difficult to spread on the trellis, since with a small excess, abundant thickening can occur, and the light on the plants will fall much less. We can not allow that between the shoots was too small a distance - the clusters will start to lean on each other, and the risk of disease becomes greater. The optimal distance between shoots is 20-25 centimeters.

For each type of trellis there is its own calculation system.

If we talk about the one-plane scheme, then here the distance between the shoots is 20 centimeters. To calculate the size of planting, it is necessary to multiply the number of shoots located on the bush by the distance between them. The result is the length of the device.

When choosing the space between bushes one should know the fact that absolutely the entire length should be located at the chosen distance. The distance between the bushes in a row is 3-4 meters. But with the gap between the rows of bushes is another matter. When it comes to single-plane construction, the distance between the rows should not be less than the height of the device. The recommended length is 2 meters.

On it, the bushes are placed at once in several planes, so the number of shoots will be more, and the distance in the row can be reduced. It is not necessary to get involved in this, as it can significantly reduce the radius of the power bushes. The optimal distance is approximately 2 meters. Then 4 running meters of a trellis will be related to one bush. This length allows you to place on yourself about 40 shoots.

Due to the fact that there are two rows of pillars per row, the distance between the rows of bushes must be increased. Recommended - 3 meters. It is worth paying attention to the fact that the size of such a trellis allows you to grow a little more plants than one planar trellis.

It is important to know what are the types of trellis, to calmly navigate in this matter:

• single plane;
• two-plane (two-way);
• decorative trellis.

It was called a single plane because the plant growing on it only moves in one direction. This type is different, and each species is different from others. Such a tapestry looks like several columns, which are covered with wire. Plus construction in that for its construction of a large number of materials is not useful. It has a low price and simplicity in the construction.

In addition to the advantages, this design has its drawbacks. For example, plants that have several arms at once will be quite difficult to form - it threatens with further thickening. It is also worth knowing that the total area of ​​the trellis is too small to place several vines on it at once.

For the construction of useful only the required number of pillars. They can be iron, wood and plastic in their material. The height of the trellis directly depends on their size. On average, their height is from 3 to 4 meters.

Two-plane are divided into the following types.

• Straight lines Such a structure is built from two bases that are nearby.
• V-shaped. These tapestries are similar to straight lines, however, planes are placed here obliquely.
• Y-shaped. Here the planes are bred at an angle of 45-60 degrees. This building resembles a single planar model with a visor, however, here, the visors are available on all planes. The basis of the construction here is a Y-shaped trellis.
• G-shaped trellis. It resembles the letter "G". It is used quite often - it is very easy to process on it.

The two-plane design is more reliable than the single-plane one. it gives the opportunity to grow on it much more vines. Productivity here increases due to the fact that the clusters are in the shadow shelter, and wind gusts do not fall on them.

Such trellis are used mainly for unopened varieties, since the main purpose of the design is to make the yard more attractive. You can make it from a variety of materials, however, the most common options is wood.

As mentioned earlier, choosing the correct location and dimensions of the trellis is very important. Speaking of monoplane trellis, it can be noted that here the optimal height of the pillars will be 2.5-4 meters. It is also important to take into account that about 50 centimeters of the structure will be buried in the ground. The thickness of the wire should be from 3 to 4 millimeters.

For a two-plane trellis, wooden or metal supports will be needed, whose diameter can vary from 30 to 60 millimeters. The wire must be galvanized, and its diameter - no more than 4 millimeters. For decorative structures it is necessary to apply any support, however, the best wooden.

It is possible to build a single-plane trellis from a profile material. For this you will need:

• several columns;
• wire.

It is recommended to build a construction in a row in four - six meters. The base itself lies at the end of the rows, so the strongest materials should be used in these parts. Strengthens can be used to increase strength.

The depth to which the poles should be inserted is about half a meter. If the pillars are made of wood, then you need to handle the place of immersion in the soil. To do this, you need copper sulfate (3-5 percent). It will help protect the structure from rotting. If the pillars are made of metal, they must be treated with bitumen - this will save them from corrosion.

Next is the process of tensioning the wire. Here it is important to ensure that the clusters do not fall down, since the wire is able to bend from such a load. To avoid this, it is necessary to arrange the wire of the lower row at a distance of 40 centimeters from the soil.

The row above is placed at a distance of 35-40 centimeters from the previous row. They create three rows, however, for reliability, one can build five.

It is also important to provide shelter for the grapes in winter. If the shelter is to be carried out using slate, the pillars should be placed 40 centimeters further from the base of the rod. You can also use the tunnel method. Here you only need to throw a protective film over the bottom wire.

The most basic and reliable is considered V-shaped. To make it you need to prepare:

• four pipes whose height is not less than two and a half meters;
• crushed stone and cement;
• thirty meters of wire;
• stakes;
• a piece of chalk;
• roulette.

The height of the finished building is exactly 3 meters, and the width is 80 centimeters.

In the place of the future vineyard it is necessary to draw a rectangle, and in the corners it is required to drive stakes. In places where they are located, it is required to dig out small holes. Their width should be 30 centimeters, and a depth of 50 centimeters. In the excavated holes need to insert the pipe, which was applied bitumen.

The distance between them is 80 centimeters. Their tops must be separated at a distance of 1.2 meters. The position obtained can be fixed with rubble, and then cement prepared in advance should be poured into the pits. After the mixture has dried, you can continue working.

Then the process of installing the wire. The bottom should be stretched to 70-80 centimeters from the ground. The gap between the remaining rows is 50 centimeters.

Decorative lanes will be a great addition for a girl's garden, and it is quite simple to make it.

First you need to prepare a place. Stakes need to mark the places where the racks will be located. The optimum distance for them is 1–3 meters, and for the neighboring arches - 1– 1.5 meters. At selected points you need to fix the reinforcement with concrete.This should be done in such a way that 50 centimeters of the device is in the ground, and about one meter above the ground.

From the used pipe fragments choose a length of 1.5 meters and several crosses. It is required to prepare an arched crossbar, and in front of it it is necessary to install pipes of vertical posts. The length of such posts should be slightly higher than the selected pergola height. In the end there should be a kind of ridge with ribs.

The fabricated structure must be attached to pre-prepared reinforcement. Without help working here will be difficult. Forming the arch, securely fasten the pipe to the valve. To do this, you need to make a small hole in the rack, and then insert a small nail into it. It must be installed in such a way that the fastener passes through the pipe and through the armature.

The finished structure can be attributed to the construction site. Now you need to create a horizontal jumper, which will consist of the same pipes. Attach them to the support can be using a wire or cord.

When the construction for fixing the grapes is ready, you can proceed to the garter of the vine.

Here wide strips of fabric of any material will be useful. One side is required to tie to the escape, and the other to the jumper. The wide fabric here will be relevant due to the fact that the narrow can damage the bark of the grape.

It is also necessary to take into account the direction of escape. It depends only on the method of molding. The following are considered popular:

• Fan molding with two or six sleeves. In this case, the bush will consist of three to four shoots, diverging from one point. This type of molding will be particularly relevant for fast-growing plants, and it is absolutely suitable for all trellis.
• Horizontal cordon with one or two shoulders. Usually, two shoots emerge from the “head” of such a bush, and fruit-bearing shoots grow on them. With the help of such a garter, you can grow a fairly strong bush that can produce a large amount of harvest. T-shaped is considered suitable for this type of trellis.
• Sleeveless crown capitate type. Such a crown has the appearance of a fan, however, it can be noted that fruitful shoots are coming out of its “head”, but there are no sleeves. This bush requires a minimum amount of space, however, a rich harvest is guaranteed. The tapestry will suit absolutely any, but its height should not be very large.
• Arched molding. It is performed in the form of a cordon, but with the presence of a vertical shoulder. It is best to use it for garters of cold-resistant grape varieties, since it will be quite problematic to build a winter shelter.

For fixing, you can use the vertical or horizontal direction. If the vine has buds, then you should not use a vertical garter - this will lead to the slow development of the lower eyes, and then to a small crop.

It is required to fasten the plant as tightly as possible, but without damaging it. Here you can use clips or wire.

How to make a trellis for the hands of grapes, see the following video.