The subtleties of the process of planting grapes in spring saplings

Many people like to eat grapes, but not everyone knows how to grow it properly, what is needed for proper care and how the plant is planted. The variety of forms, colors and varieties of this culture on the market allows its successful implementation to those who know a lot about their business. To grow a good harvest of grapes you need to know exactly how to plant seedlings and why you should do it in spring.

Planting grapes in spring with seedlings can be made at different times, this is influenced by the climate of the region and the variety itself. If the area is dominated by low temperatures until mid-spring, then it is worth waiting for at least an insignificant, but stable warming. For the strip, which is already warm enough in March, you can safely plant a vine in the prepared soil. The optimum conditions for work of this nature will be air temperature of about 15 degrees and soil of at least +10.

Having chosen a suitable time for planting, you can count on the fact that the sapling will quickly take root in a new place and will soon grow. In the south, work is most often planned for the end of March, in colder regions - for April, but in Siberia or the Urals, they should be started no earlier than the end of May. An important indicator is the temperature, not the month, because every year the dates may differ dramatically.

Despite the fact that modern varieties are frost-resistant, for the procedure of planting seedlings, it is still necessary to select comfortable conditions, so it will be easier for the bush to adapt to the new environment. By themselves, seedlings can be in two forms:

• vegetative, when on the vine there are already ready leaves;
• lignified - those seedlings that were already in the ground but were dug for the winter period.

The process of planting grapes can be carried out both in autumn and spring. The choice of option will depend on various reasons, but experienced growers advise working with the vine in the fall, harvesting it, and planting in the spring. Such a process has its advantages and disadvantages.

On the positive side, the opportunity to take root well on the spot where the grapes will be planted can be attributed - these may be different climatic conditions, different soil, different conditions on the site. For spring, the seedling can take root and grow. In the first year after planting in the summer, it is not worth waiting for any ovaries, but the next bunch may already be the next under favorable conditions. During the summer and autumn the young bush becomes even stronger, and the winter frosts will not be a big shock for him.

The positive aspects of the spring landing include the greater stability of the weather. In the autumn, cyclones can replace each other, but things are getting cold, and it is not always possible to root a seedling, and in the spring the situation is reversed. In warm weather, any grapes will be well taken and grow, regardless of whether it is in the vegetative stage or lignified.

Of course, the advantages of this method are many, but there are also disadvantages that you need to know about. If the bush is planted in the fall, then there is no point in watering it, because the plant is preparing for wintering, because abundant moisture will only be harmful, which means there will be less hassle with caring for the grapes. Deciding to carry out the procedure in the spring, you must make sure that the seedling gets the right amount of moisture. Watering is carried out not only during disembarkation, but also during the first month after that, further care is the same as for other bushes.

Despite the fact that it is desirable to root the plant in the spring, it is more advisable to buy it since the fall, because during this period the vine is fresh, only cut, you can see whether the grapes were sick or not, it was freezing or completely alive. A spring sapling bought on the market can endure a cold winter and some buds will be frost-bitten, which will affect the overall development of the bush.

In order to get a quality sapling and be sure that it was stored correctly, you need to deal with the purchasing process in the fall, and then plant the bush in the wet sand and store it until the spring in a cool and dark place. Such conditions will ensure the safety of the plant and will not allow it to go up to the moment, as it will be necessary.

To choose the grapes correctly, you need to know exactly what to expect from it. Grapes can be divided by ripening time to:

• early;
• average;
• late.

In addition to the ripening time, it is important to pay attention to the taste, which can be divided into two categories of grapes:

• dining rooms;
• technical.

The latest varieties are grown for mass production of wine beverages. By itself, the grape does not have a pleasant taste, it is quite sour, with no aroma and a pleasant aftertaste. The size of the berries is usually small, because selling it is impractical. The table variety has a beautiful appearance, the berries can be dark and light, round and oblong, their taste is pronounced, very sweet, often nutmeg, the aroma is pleasant and strong, and the aftertaste is different for each variety.

Depending on the size of the vineyard, you need to pick up the corresponding bushes. For large sizes, you can buy vigorous varieties, and for limited space, you need compact options, which at the same time can give a good harvest. The most optimal in this case are considered the "Original", "Kadryanka" and "Delight". “Timur”, “Donetsk Pearl” and others can be attributed to the middle layer group.

Any grape variety will grow well and bear fruit only when the time of its landing in the ground is chosen correctly, it will successfully take root and enter the phase of active growth in the summer period. If these conditions are met, the bush will be fully prepared for winter and next year it will be able to produce the first crop. If some measures were done incorrectly or untimely, even the best variety could die or not meet the expectations.

Each garden crop has its own characteristics, and only knowing them all can you fully satisfy the plant that will be planted. For grapes, sun and water will be important, because the vineyard needs to be planned in the open, where the sun will light it all day. It is due to this effect that the bushes can quickly and fully grow, and the berries grow in the right sizes and take on the sweetness well.

It is recommended to plant bushes in the south of the site or the south-east, west sides. It is desirable that near no high buildings or trees that create a shadow on the bushes. In addition to the location on the site, it is important to choose a suitable terrain. Grapes belong to such a culture, which negatively relates to an excess of moisture, because it is not worth placing it in the grooves.The processes of stagnant moisture adversely affect the state of the root system, up to its decay or the development of diseases.

It is best to look for a hill on the site or make it yourself so that the bush feels good. It is important to take care of the soil - it must be nutritious, with the presence of a large amount of fertilizer and humus. It is important to create a good drainage that will feed the roots, while quickly removing excess moisture from under the bush. The acidity of the soil should be neutral, then the soil will promote good growth of the plant.

A grape sapling is not planted in an empty area, you need to prepare a hole for it. This is not the easiest task, because its dimensions must be at least 80 by 80 and at the same depth. It is recommended to prepare the place in the autumn, in order to plant a bush in the spring right away under optimal weather conditions. If it was not possible to prepare a hole in advance, then in the spring, you need to do this at least two weeks before the bush is planned to be planted.

This depth of the pit was not chosen by chance, because, apart from the roots, a whole complex of fertilizers will be laid in it, which will feed the bush for at least three, and even four years. Depending on the type of soil, ordinary or reinforced drainage should be used. For dense and clay soils, it will be necessary to deposit fragments of bricks, large stones in the pit, which are mixed with river sand. This layer allows moisture to pass even in unfavorable soil for it.

In the case of clay soils, it is important to maximally fertilize them by adding nutrients to the growth of the grapes. It is best to use phosphorus in the event of an overabundance of clay and humus with compost for sandy soil. In the process of preparing the pit, the earth dug for the bush will be a layer of the upper layer, which is useful for further work, and a layer of clay, which must initially be set aside separately.

Since the amount of soil in which the seedling will be planted will become small due to its division, it is necessary to compensate for the difference with fertilizers. Add 40 kg of manure, 500 g of nitrogenous fertilizers and 500 g of wood ash. All components are qualitatively mixed and poured into the pit. The prepared place is left for the winter to provide the future bush with a supply of useful substances for several years. With the arrival of spring and warm weather before planting a grape seedling, you need to pour a bucket of water into the pit so that the soil finally settles and is ready for planting activities.

Seedling preparation is one of the main activities in order to get a healthy plant, which will produce crops in a year. If the vine is purchased in the fall, then it should be stored in optimal conditions, without creating strong temperature drops, protecting it from the sun and excessive moisture. When the grower himself manages the process of harvesting, he is sure of the quality of his material, which he will plant in the spring, but when the seedlings are bought on the market, it is difficult to be sure of what exactly was purchased.

To minimize damage, you should carefully inspect the vine or bush for any damage, even the most minor. If you have the slightest suspicion or doubt, it is better to contact another seller. It is best to acquire a strong vine of the same year, from which at least three roots of white color depart. It is important to inspect them for dried up areas, which should not be. The normal length of the roots is the range from 9 to 12 cm and a width of up to 4 mm.

In the case of buying a green seedling, which is just waiting for its landing in open ground, it is necessary to carry out a hardening procedure. The optimal timing is the week before the landing process, when the bush begins to be taken out onto the street, introducing it to the new habitat.

When everything is ready for planting, disinfection of the bush will be an important event, which allows you to further protect it from various diseases and pests that are in a new place. It is best to treat with 10 liters of water, 400 g of clay and 200 g of hexachlorane.

In the case of planting dry seedlings that hibernated at home, you need to soak their roots for 2-3 days. After the procedure, it is necessary to inspect them well, remove the damaged areas, if any, and trim the remaining roots so that they more actively grow into height after disembarking. Regardless of how many buds the seedling has, by the time of planting it is necessary to keep no more than five pieces, the rest will be superfluous and make it difficult for the young bush to grow normally.

Before planting the grapes, it is necessary to sustain its roots in the nutrient solution, which consists of:

• lands - 2 parts;
• manure - 1 part;
• water - 1 part;
• growth stimulator.

It is enough to hold the bush in such a composition for 30 minutes, and it is possible to plant the seedling in open ground.

Plant grapevines stands so that then they can be easily maintained. If there are many different varieties on the site, then it is better to place them according to the principle: early to early, tall to the same options, technical separate from the canteens. Such a gradation will provide an opportunity to get more significant yields. In addition, for technical varieties, the distance between the bushes should be at least 80 cm, and the table should be at least one and a half meters.

Regardless of the variety, the plantation scheme will look like this:

• low-growing varieties should not be next to tall, otherwise they will receive less sunlight;
• technical grapes sit separately from the table;
• early varieties should be planted close to each other for an active pollination process;
• the distance between the rows should be at least 2 meters, and if possible it can be increased further so that the plants are well ventilated, which minimizes the risk of disease.

In order to plant each new vine correctly, you need to perform all the actions step by step, not forgetting the importance of each of them.

Stages of work.

1. In a pit prepared from autumn you need to make a recess of 30-40 cm.
2. Insert a tube of plastic or other material, with the help of which the young bush will be watered not on top of the ground, but immediately to the root system.
3. At the bottom of the pit you need to make a hill on which the seedling is installed. It is important to straighten its roots around.
4. It is necessary to sprinkle the roots with soil, pressing it down and compacting it to avoid the appearance of air "pockets".
5. When the landing is over, two buckets of water are brought under the bush.
6. Vegetative plant must be in the relative shade at least a week. It is best to install the box or put the plywood on the sunny side, which will protect the delicate plant from active sunlight. As soon as the bush takes root and begins to grow actively, the fence can be removed.

Spring planting of grapes requires not only knowledge of the technology of work, but also the presence of all the necessary elements that are brought into the soil in the right proportions. In the pit at the bottom you need to put crushed stone or gravel with a layer thickness of at least 25 cm, then there will be the soil in which the roots of the plant will be, therefore you need to add humus, superphosphate and ash. This layer will also be approximately equal to 25 cm and reach the ground level on the plot.

For the grapes to grow properly, it must be systematically watered, because without normal moisturizing the growth of the crop, its strengthening, rooting, which will make it possible in the near future to get the harvest from the bush, will not go. The optimal amount for one bush will be a bucket of water for watering, which is usually carried out once a week. When the procedure is over, be sure to loosen the ground where it was moistened. This will help the soil to be lighter and absorb any moisture, quickly delivering it to the roots. In addition, loosening makes it possible to get rid of weeds that take moisture intended for the grapes.

If the planting of grapes was done correctly, with the introduction of all the necessary mineral substances, then in the next few years you do not need to add anything under the bush. When the seedling has been deprived of useful components, they are introduced several times during the season along with watering.

Grapes that grow well and bear fruit should be treated for diseases and pests every year. The best time for this is spring time, when the bushes have not yet begun to turn green. Most often, the culture is protected from mildew disease, which strongly and rapidly affects the bush. To combat it, it is recommended to use:

• Bordeaux fluid;
• "Ridomil";
• "Cineb";
• inkstone.

In order for each bush to produce a good harvest from year to year, it is important to cut it properly, this is the procedure that helps to remove all unnecessary and not to overload the plant. The first time the procedure is carried out on the first year after planting and continues annually. The autumn process is a sanitary pruning, when you need to remove the old, diseased and adorned branches, as well as those that gave the harvest this year. In the spring is held formative pruning, which makes it possible to make the basis of the bush and shoots, which this year will harvest.

Once the formative pruning has been carried out, all shoots need to be tied up, otherwise they may break or be damaged in strong winds or rains. In addition, contact with the ground allows pests and diseases to freely get to the bush. In order to tie up the bush, you need to use soft pieces of fabric or special twine that will not injure or fray the branches. It is important to have time to carry out this process before the bush begins to bear fruit.

It is best to carry out shelter in late October and early November, then there is a high risk of frost, after which the vine freezes and it is harder to fit into the trenches. It is important to protect not only the vine, but also the roots, well sprinkling them with earth. In winter, the snow cover will become an additional layer that will keep the bush from frost.

Full care of the grapes during its growth allows you to get a healthy shrub, which in the shortest possible time comes from the wintering period and is actively growing. This is especially important for early varieties, the crop from which can be obtained in July. High-quality work with plants makes it possible to get an excellent harvest even from a minimal vineyard, which is especially important for those summer residents who sell their goods on the market.

In order to properly plant a sapling of grapes in the ground, you need to know not only all the details of the process, but also the mistakes that beginners often make. The main ones are:

• Very strong penetration of the roots into the ground. This leads to the fact that the grapes develop very slowly due to poor warming of the soil in the springtime.
• Incorrect landing site. If the grapes were planted in a shady place, then one should not expect active growth or large ovaries from it, because the lack of sunlight affects the health of these plants.
• The use of seedlings brought from a different climatic zone. If there is a desire to plant a new variety that does not grow in the region, then it is not recommended to do it in the spring, because the bush is likely to disappear. In order to get acclimatized, you need to drop it in the fall, leave it for the winter, and then the results will be more encouraging.
• Planting a number of bushes that have different growth forces. Tall plants can make tenek, which will be detrimental to low-growing varieties.
• Broken off the roots. This happens if you need to plant a dry bush, without greenery and active roots. If you do not soak them beforehand and do not prepare them for the procedure, then it is quite possible that they would be damaged at the time of landing.

Experienced winegrowers will not make such mistakes, but in order for a beginner to cope with all difficulties with honor and grow a good vineyard, you need to devote all your free time to it, take care of plants, follow any changes, clearly know what and when to do all the activities on time. Then good results will not be long in coming, and the grapes in the spring period will grow and gain strength and energy before the first wintering, in order to give their first harvest in the new cycle.

On how to plant grapes, see below.