Pergola for grapes: types of designs, the choice of material and the production of options from metal and wood

Pergola is a special structure for climbers - roses, loach, creepers and grapes.They come in various shapes and sizes: in the form of gratings, arches, tunnels, canopies, as well as gazebos that can be used for a pleasant stay in the shade of a vine. About the features of this design will tell our article.

For the first time pergolas began to build in the southern countries. They decorated the estate in the XVIII century, and nowadays they are often found not only in the dacha plots, but also in parks, in extensions to buildings and landscape design of country houses. On the pergola for grapes, the leaves of the plant are better illuminated by the sun - it is not necessary to constantly thin out. In addition, it is easier to handle means from pests and diseases. Moisture does not linger on hanging clusters, they are better blown by the wind and therefore less susceptible to the effects of the fungus.

With the help of a pergola for grapes, it is possible not only to provide normal plant care and convenient harvesting, but also to generally improve the territory of the vineyard. Shaded aisles and canopies, cozy arbors are able to decorate any part.

Depending on the shape and size, pergolas there is a huge variety.

• For smaller areas, the smallest pergola is suitable - in the form of a screen. Thus, you can make a hedge, a decorative wall, zone the space of a plot, or cover household outbuildings.
• Pergola in the form of a canopy You can equip a separate design above the bench, swing, table or parking.
• Full gazebos can be of different sizes and suitable for any site. Such pergolas are constructed primarily to create a shade from a climbing plant and contain entire recreation areas.
• Classic option - This is a set of interconnected arches. Small arch-type pergolas can be used to enter the site. They look elegant and decorative. And whole complexes of arched pergolas form shaded tunnels. They can be erected along the paths, the passage to the house.
• Extension to the building in the form of a terrace protects from the sun not only outside the house, but also from the inside.

For the manufacture of pergolas today are used a variety of materials.

• Tree - classic, the most popular option for pergolas. In the manufacture of pergolas with their own hands is the tree used most often. It combines perfectly with the vegetation, is affordable, easy to assemble, and the grapes on it best “take root”. For these purposes, suitable oak wood, spruce or pine.
• Metal - the second most popular material. It is more durable, but more difficult with self-assembly - welding skills will be needed. Often it is used simply as part of a wooden structure. Forged metal pergolas on individual projects are very popular.
• Stone or brick pergolas - the most difficult, but the most durable. Such structures can transform any area. Separate columns can be used as a design element and at the same time as a pergola for a vine.
• Plastic - the cheapest, but the most ineffective material. You can use ready collapsible designs that are sold in stores. They come in various shapes and sizes and are easy to assemble yourself.

Pergola for grapes is a permanent structure, it can not be transferred from place to place - it will damage the vine. Therefore, before proceeding to the manufacture of pergolas, it is important to correctly determine its location.

• Grapes love the sun, so it should be a well-lit area.
• The design should not occupy all the free space: you need to provide free access to care for the plant.
• Pergola should fit well into the overall landscape, be appropriate in appearance and size. Too large pergola on a small area will look cumbersome, and a small one will simply get lost in a vast area.

The branches and bunches of grapes are very heavy, so a fragile design will not work. After the type of pergola and its location are selected, measurements and drawings must be made. Depending on this, the necessary materials are calculated.

Before the construction of the pergola, all wood must be treated with antiseptic and paintwork material. This will prolong the service life of the structure: will prevent the destructive effect of moisture, pests and fungus. Instead of varnish, you can also use special oil for outdoor wooden buildings. A dye of the desired color is added to it, and such a coating will last longer than varnish.

When installing you will need these tools:

• shovel;
• drill;
• screwdriver;
• saw;
• capacity for the preparation of cement;
• level.

The position of the future pergola on the site is determined by the pegs and rope. The corners mark the places of the depressions under the supports. For the construction of a simple wooden pergola, gazebos will need:

• four supports (beams with a section of 12 cm and a length of about 3 meters);
• two supporting beams (section 12 cm, length 2.5 meters);
• two transverse crossbars (section 10x5 cm, 2.5 meters long);
• wooden lattices and trellis;
• cement - 2 bags;
• fasteners for beams 5 cm wide - 10 pieces;
• screws, screws;
• a bit of rubble or broken bricks.

This list is conditional. The required number and size must be calculated individually, depending on the project. First you need to dig four holes for racks (about 0.5 meters deep, 30 cm in diameter). Those areas of the supports, which will be located underground, need to be treated with bitumen or fire. Rubble or brick is poured at the bottom of the recesses and is properly tamped.

The supports are installed in pits and poured with cement. This part of the work is better done with someone's help, so that one person can hold a support and control the level of its correct position, and the second person poured the solution.

After the solution hardens, you can proceed to the installation of the remaining parts of the structure - bearing and transverse beams, trellis, grapes for grapes and various decorative elements. All parts are carefully attached to the screws and screws. In order to keep the cross beams better, it is recommended to make cuts of 2-3 cm at them at the joints with the bearing beams.

The construction of a wooden pergola in the form of an arch is a more complicated process, but it is in principle no different from the installation of an arbor. For supporting beams, a thinner bar (10x10 cm), a 20 mm thick edging board for the upper part of the structure and various lattices, hooks, tapestries and fasteners are taken. The amount of material is calculated depending on the design project.

Wooden extension to the building. This pergola can be an excellent alternative to the usual terrace, but it should be located only on the south side of the building. The method of construction is also similar to a gazebo, only one side of the transverse beams is mounted on the wall of the house, and the opposite - on the supporting posts.

There are two main ways of mounting beams to the wall of a building.

• In the first case, a support bar with a section of 15x5 cm is fastened to the wall of the house. Rectangular grooves for the beams are cut into it.
• In the second case, special steel holders for each beam are mounted to the wall.

After all measurements and markings have been completed, support columns are installed at a certain distance from the building wall. Further on these pillars are placed supporting beams. Their other end is fixed on the wall with the help of holders or support beam. At construction screws and bolts are used, but for reliability of a design it is recommended to use still metal corners.

Metal pergola options even more than wood. Metal can be bent, create original forged structures.Simple pergolas in the form of gazebos and sheds can be built independently, and arched or forged parts, in the absence of equipment and skills, are best ordered from the master.

Metal will last longer than wood, and it will be easier to care for the pergola. All parts must be primed and then painted. With this method, the coating will last more than one year. As colors, shades of green are most preferable - they visually blend with foliage. White color looks easy and elegant.

For a standard gazebo size 3x3 meters will need:

• profiled tube 2.5x5 cm, all parts of the frame will be cut out of it (roof elements and eight pillars 3 meters each - two stands in each corner);
• welding machine;
• shovel;
• Bulgarian.

Pipes are cut out of the pipe for supporting posts. For better stability, they are installed at each corner in 2 pieces. Between themselves, paired racks are welded with two small pieces of the same pipe, cut at an angle.

Next, you need to prepare the pits for the supports. Their depth should be about 80 cm. The bottom should be tamped well. Strictly vertically install the supports in them and pour concrete mixture. Before complete solidification, it is necessary to ensure the immobility of the structure using scaffolding.

Separately welded all the details of the roof. They can be arranged as you like. One of the simplest options is the roof of squares embedded into each other: with sides of 3 meters, 2.12 meters, 1.5 meters, 1.06 meters. They can be made from the same pipe.

An outer square with sides of 3 meters will connect the supports. On the center of each side of this square is fixed the angle of the square with sides of 2.12 meters. And so on, until all the squares are fixed inside. Additionally, jumpers are welded between the corners of the outer square and the sides enclosed in it.

The finished roof is installed and secured to the supports. Reliability and stability of the pergola can be improved with the help of angular jumpers between the support posts and the roof.

The technology of making pergolas with your own hands can be seen in the next video.