How to propagate grapes?

Many gardeners often have a grape breeding question. I want to develop my own and get long vines and large clusters of berries.The easiest way, and therefore popular, is the method of planting cuttings. For many, this is an option of the type "try, well, if possible." This is because the cuttings are many and it seems that planting them is very simple. But in this article we will look at how to properly work with cuttings. And also learn other options for breeding grapes.

The first method (vegetative) is the seedling cuttings. Gardeners usually perform this procedure in spring or autumn. The essence of vegetative propagation of culture is the planting of prepared cut branches. Let's look at each step of preparing the vine in detail.

• The branches are cut off in early spring or late fall. Of course, it is better to do this after the harvest has ripened, but before the frost. Then the life cycle of the plant before the "winter hibernation" is already over, so you will not bring much harm to the shrub. The grapes themselves, which will be used for uterine purposes, must be strong and not diseased.
• The segments should be quite long, up to about 70 cm. They should be at least 4-5 buds minimum, so the new plant will root well. It is also better to choose straight or relatively straight vines for ease of planting and development. Do not choose too thick or, on the contrary, thin sections, as they do not take root well. Use cuttings without leaves and tendrils, cut them at an angle.
• Immediately after pruning, the cuttings must be placed in a special disinfectant solution of vitriol (concentration 5%). This is done to ensure that future bushes are well tolerated storage.

• When the cuttings dry up, tie them together for 8-10 pieces. You can attach a note with the name of the variety to the bundles, if you have several of them, then in the spring you will not get confused. Next, wrap the bundle in a damp cloth and plastic wrap.
• In this form, the cuttings can be stored all winter. For a small number of bundles, a refrigerator, but not a freezer, will be an excellent storage space. In a large number of blanks convenient to store in the cellar. Also, many gardeners are dropping segments into the ground. The main thing is to provide seedlings cool, dark place. This is done so that it does not start to develop ahead of time and successfully “overwinter”.

But wherever you store the cuttings, you need to check them periodically, optimizing temperature and humidity. The main thing is that the buds do not dry up or, on the contrary, do not open. Otherwise all your labors will be a mess. In the early spring, reach out your ligaments and check their health first. To do this, cut a couple of centimeters from the cutting. If the inside of the vine is light green, then all is well, it can be used. If the color is brown or a lot of moisture is released, then the stalk is spoiled and rotten.

Place the seedlings in a solution stimulating the growth of roots for 16-18 hours, then they are ready for planting and rooting. Before this, make deep cuts of 4 cm at the end.

Planted segments in a mixture of humus and sod soil. And in the tank make several holes at the bottom to get moisture. For watering use the pallet. In general, for a developing root system, you need to create warm and comfortable conditions, but for the rest of this is not needed. Root roots about three weeks before planting in open ground.

So, the last stage - planting cuttings on the site. Usually the procedure begins in mid-May, when the cold frosts are just behind. The diameter of the hole - 10 cm, covered with soil root, pour it abundantly. Right next to you can drive a backup to strengthen the developing shrubs. Fulfilling all these rules, you will achieve rapid reproduction of grapes. The main thing is to remember that even such a simple vegetative method requires a lot of effort, so it cannot be allowed to drift.

The second method, which is also quite simple in action - the reproduction of grapes by layering. The best time for such a procedure is early spring. It is during this period that the shrub begins to rapidly grow the vine. Young shoots appear that we need. The essence of the method is to prikopat them into the ground. There are several classifications of such breeding, so before planting it is important to understand each of them in order to find a suitable solution.

This option is famous for its high level of survival and the ability to root the shoot. For layers, a strong and healthy bush with high yields is selected. The location of the bush also matters, it is necessary that it grows in a place free from other plants, but not far from other grape bushes. In the spring, forming a shrub and pruning unnecessary, leave at the base a few young vines. Already closer to the summer, when the vines grow up to two meters and gain strength, you can drop them. To do this, correctly dig up the trenches around the grapes in the shape of an arc. The width is about 50 cm and the slope should be up to 45 degrees. The angle is directed towards the main bush.

Fertilizers are laid in the trench, and the selected shoot is on top. Everything is poured over the earth and plentifully watered. Leave the top off the ground. Thus, the part that is in the ground will begin to take root, and the top will grow and develop. During the first months should be regularly watered and weed outlet for a uniform growth of the shoot. And in the future, direct the new grapes with props so that as a result a beautiful shrub will form.

The following method differs from the first one using a well-developed shoot. It will require not a trench, but a small ditch, since it is necessary to replant a well-grown process. For this you need to wire several seedlings and transplant them together. When the vine is rooted, closer to the fall, it can be separated from the mother bush and grown as a separate plant.

This latter method is only suitable for compactly formed grape bushes. For him, the plant is heavily spud in the spring, leaving small shoots above ground level. In the fall, they are dug up and the vines are separated from each other. With proper and accurate division of the bush, you will immediately receive several separately growing bushes.

The field of gardening is constantly evolving, there are new ways to quickly and efficiently reproduce grapes, depending on the region and variety of crops. However, in any method, the main thing is to choose the right landing time so that new vines are not rotted in the rain or frosts. In addition, it is important to fertilize and regularly water the shoots.

So, the last option is the reproduction of seed culture. Yes, grapes can be grown not only from seedlings, but also from seeds. Success is quite realistic to achieve even at home. This method is mainly used for breeding - breeding new varieties and hybrids of grapes. Also, the method is suitable if in the future the seedling will be used only for decorative purposes. A significant disadvantage of this option is the long period of cultivation.

In the case of layering in your hands immediately formed a bush or vine, but the seed must be germinated for a long time. Therefore, it is less stress-resistant and requires careful maintenance. The second disadvantage is that when using grape seeds a new plant does not always fully retain the properties of the parent variety. This is not always the desired result of the gardener.

But if you decide to use this method to propagate the grapes, then follow these guidelines.

• Choose large and ripe berries. Rinse and soak the seeds for a couple of hours, and then select healthy bones and place in a disinfecting and stimulating solution.
• Next, place the selected material for a few weeks in the refrigerator. The optimum temperature is from 0 to -3 degrees. This process is called stratification, that is, the process of imitation of winter conditions for culture. Due to this, the seeds will increase germination and accelerate the growth of new grapes.
• After artificial cooling, place the seeds on a damp cloth and leave in a warm place. After a few days, you will notice small roots that will begin to appear from the seeds. It's time for sowing.
• Landing in the tank, start at the beginning of winter. Then, during the “winter-spring” period, the seed will get strong enough and grow to propagate the grapes already in the open field.

• In a vase for germination, pour in a mixture of soil, sand and humus. The depth of the hole should be about 1 meter. At home, grapes grow well in prolonged sunlight. That is, on the windowsills is a place on the south side. Abundant watering is required, and at the very beginning, to retain moisture, cover the container with a film. If we talk about temperature, the most effective - from 15 to 20 degrees Celsius. Then the first shoots will appear in a week.
• With good development and favorable conditions, the plant will quickly grow in size. So that it was not crowded, regularly transplant the grapes in large containers.
• In open ground, grapes are planted in July, and before that they are “hardened”. 5-6 days before breeding on the site you need to put your seedlings on the street, avoiding drafts. In this way, you can significantly strengthen the “immune system” of the shoot and facilitate the process of rooting and reproduction of grapes.
• The transplant procedure itself differs little from other methods. Here it is necessary to exercise caution in order not to damage the root system, and attentive care.

To propagate grapes is not the most difficult thing. This culture is thriving, but to get the best result you still have to work hard. There are some more general tips or rules:

• besides watering and fertilizing, grapes require well-loosened soil;
• do not forget to spray the shrubs with antifungal and antiparasitic drugs;
• tie and direct the vines of the new grapes from the very beginning to effectively control the direction of growth of the plant and form the bushes;
• Much depends on climatic conditions, so it is important to choose the right time for planting or cutting crops of grapes.

For information on how to propagate the grapes correctly, see the next video.