How to make support for the grapes with your own hands?

Vineyards for a long time can be seen not only in recognized centers of Mediterranean winemaking.Breeders tried to create a number of varieties suitable even for central Russia. But in order to give a positive result, it is necessary to take care of protection from adverse factors.

The question of why a support for grapes is required will not appear to anyone who at least looks at a growing vine in the photo. Even less can be expected from those who have seen similar plants up close. The vine is simply not viable without supports. The stems of grapes, even if they are woody and thick, can not cope with the vertical position of the entire crown. It will inevitably become too big and heavy. As the grapes grow in a sunny location, it cannot rely on a tall tree and another natural structure.

But everything is not as simple as it seems - the role of supports is not reduced to mechanical retention. Vertically oriented grapes as lit as possible. It produces organic matter much more efficiently than it grows in blackout. Industrial viticulture certainly uses supporting structures also to reduce the occupied area. In small gardens, this is also quite important, as is the simplification of picking berries.

The use of small arches allows you to successfully back up 1 or 2 vines. The role of supports for the vineyard is often associated with their advantages as an element of landscape design. There are two functions: dividing the space into zones and upgrading insufficiently attractive fences, gates or walls. Winegrowers have mastered the use of various designs that can become a decoration of the garden even independently, without the appearance of leaves. Often vary the material, geometry and colors, solving one of two problems - combining with other designs on the site or creating a "invisible" composition.

You can not grow grapes for 2 years in a row and more without the use of trellis. In this case, the following consequences are possible:

• fertility decreases;
• increases the risk of pathologies;
• reduces the sweetness of the berries;
• decreases the pace of development.

The most important point is to make a decision before landing. If the construction of supports and their type are not chosen in advance, they can face various problems. Sometimes plants develop too actively, they can even begin to cling to the fence even in the fall, even if they landed in spring. The first mustache is very durable and hold almost indestructible. There is practically no chance to unhook them - you can only tear them off.

The second common mistake of beginning winegrowers is the manufacture of concrete posts for stable trellis, when the bushes grow significantly. Although usually trying to bury the seedlings deeper, it does not always help. Anyway, there remains a significant risk of deformation of the root complex. Yes, it is unlikely to kill the plant. But usually with a few already plentiful clusters clusters have to say goodbye. They dry up being deprived of food and water.

It is not necessary to use the trellis of the usual type. You can use the European and American experience with grafting grapes on tree trunks. Stamb good props the vine. In the Middle East and Central Asian farms simply allow vines to freely drag on the ground. Caucasian farmers often plant grapes near a tall tree. But, as already mentioned, all such techniques are not perfect enough.

In the main part of the territory, Russia will still have to take care of artificial supports for the grape bush. Do not think that visiting the nearby vineyards will open all varieties of supporting parts. The grid of metal or resistant plastic grades is one of the supports of one plane. The key elements are the pillars. The disadvantage of this solution is the impossibility of creating a voluminous "tree" crown. The branches will always be on the plane.This type of trellis is recommended when the total space is small. You can put support on one side of the fence without unnecessary shading of other plants.

Another option - the trellis in the same plane with visors or l-shaped elements. You can put them only in the construction of the portal, the horizontal parts of which are based on 1 vertical and 1 upper horizontal. This solution ensures the growth of grapes in length without increasing the height of the supports. Enhanced decorative features and ease of access to the clusters when picking berries are welcome.

The alternative is a T-shaped tapestry. Such a product creates only the upper horizontal. Elements are fixed across the top of the pillars with crossbars. T-shaped pergolas are most often formed up to 150 cm tall. The fact is that the bottom of the vine is not kept and can bend down. If you use this design, you can refuse the garter young saplings. Antennae themselves will find support and securely cling to it.

An attractive solution in some cases is a support designed for one plane, but made for a dangling increase. Such constructions are preferred when growing shtambovy grapes. The product is assembled from several pillars and a serious crossbar. Just on her and throw scourge. Further, they can grow freely downwards, auxiliary binding is not required.

Trellis, designed for two planes, is suitable for those growers who have a vast territory. Excessive shading prevents the cultivation of sun-loving plants, including almost all vegetables. But it provides an impressive, almost record yield per unit area. In any case, ready-made designs are not very suitable. The fact is that it is necessary to carefully consider the dimensions and specific features of all sections, individual beds and their fractions.

Tapestries designed for use in one plane are recommended for the following areas:

• places with low sunlight;
• areas where you need to cover the plants for the winter every year;
• gardens with a small number of vines;
• growing grape varieties that need to be systematically cut.

But the thoroughly developed plants with several "sleeves" on these supports develop poorly. There the sprouts may not have enough space to secure. Designs formed in two planes, allow you to grow a lot of vines and maintain excellent yield. Similar elements are also recommended for growing varieties that are rapidly developing shoots, as well as with the following features:

• in places where the fertility of the land is complemented by high humidity;
• in the case of cultivation of the stem shrub;
• with an acute shortage of space;
• with few sunny days when the vines mutually shade each other.

With the help of decorative pergolas, you can cover the economic part of the territory from the views that are in the country. These designs are also used for such purposes as:

• to form a shadow;
• to grow grapes where the landscape is harmonious;
• in order to cover varieties in need of increased heat for the winter;
• for the cultivation of slow-growing grapes.

There is no need for a special frame when preparing supports for grapes. You need to tie the vine to the lintels that are held on the support posts. These pillars can be prepared from concrete, asbestos-cement pipes. Often they are also made using metal or wood. Since the jumpers are significantly less mechanical load than the rack, they are quite widely made from polymer ropes, thin rope of various kinds and the like.

Using a jumper of stainless metal, gardeners thereby increase the temptation for thieves.If the cottage is visited only in certain seasons or the criminal situation is bad, it is better to take less expensive materials. In the absence of much experience, it is better to choose products that are bolted together. Welded and blacksmith work require solid qualifications. Since in the cold season, direct contact of any part of the plant with metal is contraindicated, it is necessary to use textile cords.

Wooden poles and crossbars are completely safe in sanitary and environmental terms. Processing them is easier, and the introduction to landscape design promises a number of interesting effects. The high strength of concrete is marred by its heaviness and the need to make a solid foundation. Cheapness allows you to choose asbestos cement, but this circumstance and resistance to weathering do not allow to forget about the fragility and a relatively short period of service. It is also bad to make asbestos cement pergolas because it looks too simple and uncomplicated. Such pipes cannot be bent and docked at an angle, therefore they are acceptable only for the simplest elements. But you can make the support of both temporary and permanent nature.

Choosing the material that will go to the stand for grapes, it is required even before the start of work to make diagrams with indication of the sizes of all structures and individual elements. The easiest is the manufacture of L-shaped pergolas from wood. Stakes with a cross section of 70–120 mm act as reinforcement. They are cut on their own, using any suitable lumber. The recommended height is at least 240 cm.

That the design always acts correctly in loose soil that can move, stakes are inserted very deeply. Horizontally oriented parts are formed from rods with a thickness of 60 to 80 mm. Their length is 60–70 cm. If a trellis is required only to solve functional problems, you can refuse to thoroughly sand the tree. The pillars below are processed for 10 days in blue vitriol.

It is recommended to ditch poles, which will later become a support for crossbars or grids (grids) by 50 cm. The poles exposed at the edges are supplemented with anchor elements, the connection occurs at an angle of 55 to 60 degrees. Wire is widely used for the bond between them. Horizontal cross visors on the upper parts of all columns are fixed especially. For this purpose, apply 3 nails or 3 screws, the length of each of them should be three times greater than the thickness of the wooden plank. Stretch wire and cables in the polymer sheath need at a height of 40-50 cm. To make the tension maximum, you need to use special brackets. Further wire strips are arranged in 40–60 cm increments.

A two-plane pergola is formed from 4 pipes 200–250 cm in height. Several triangles are made from them, which become end struts. These triangles are buried 0.8 m into the soil. The pits are pounded, crushed stones are added, then poured with a solution based on cement and sand.

See the next video for an example of making a support for grapes with your own hands.