When and how to plant tomatoes in open ground?

Tomatoes are capricious and whimsical vegetables, and therefore their planting in open ground requires a responsible and careful approach. It is important for this to choose a variety of tomatoes and properly prepare the soil. With proper organization of work, as well as the subsequent care of plants after planting, a good harvest is guaranteed. To grow tomatoes will, if you follow certain rules that will be discussed in this article.

Regardless of the precocity of the variety and the height of the bush, the tomato needs special conditions for growing. Its resistance to pests and diseases will also depend on this, which reduces the quality of the vegetable during ripening and decreases the productivity of sprouts. And in order for tomatoes to grow quickly and gain mass, they need air temperature within + 15 ... 20 degrees after planting in open soil.

Plays an important role and lighting. Due to the lack of light, the tomato can be deformed, it will not stretch. Therefore, it is recommended to disembark only in open areas where a lot of sun enters.

Humidity of soil and air is also important. If the sun shines around the clock around the site, it will quickly dry the earth and reduce its humidity. For normal growth, the tomato will need a soil moisture of 75% and an air humidity of 60%. Therefore, it is necessary not only to water the soil itself, but also to install sprinklers that will humidify the air.

In addition to the factors listed above, the productivity of growth will help increase and additional feeding, which will make the earth more fertile. On the site you can bring black soil, which is considered the best feeding. But you can also add compost.

This fertilizer contains a lot of potassium, phosphorus and other elements, which allows the bushes to quickly grow and fruits to form. 7 days before the planned planting of tomatoes, the soil needs to be treated with copper sulfate, which will protect the plant from fungus and other infectious diseases.

It is important to regularly remove weeds from the site, which take a lot of nutrients from tomatoes and the soil. It is also worth getting rid of pests that live on the site.

Cultivation of this culture usually does not cause difficulties for gardeners. The main thing is to create the necessary conditions for the plant, and then you can only harvest. General rules for growing are:

1. seed selection;
2. their landing;
3. growing seedlings;
4. landing in the ground.

Seedlings are grown in different ways. For example, the landing is made in a prepared container. But also the seeds can be immediately planted in the open ground and cover such areas with a film that will protect against frost. In each case, it is necessary to choose the most appropriate option, which depends on the living conditions and region.

To get the first seedlings, it is necessary to sow the seeds. Usually, it takes 3-4 months from seedlings to the first crop of tomatoes, and therefore it is recommended to plant them before the beginning of April to pick tomatoes at the appointed time. At home, seedlings can be grown on a window sill, balcony or in another place where there is enough heat and light.

Seasoned gardeners recommend planting seeds in special peat tablets, in which you can then transplant plants to open ground and not injure their roots. All further procedures do not differ from those that are carried out during the planting of ordinary seedlings.

The method and place of planting seedlings depend on the living conditions. Before planting seeds in buckets or other devices, it is important to first choose the right variety. Seeds are usually bought in specialized stores.Such an approach to business guarantees a great harvest.

Selection of seeds as a planting material should be dealt with carefully and grow them in the right conditions. Depending on this, a variety is selected that will correspond to the temperature regimes present in the region. But also when choosing, one should pay attention to the taste characteristics of the product that a gardener will like. Because there are certain rules that must be followed when choosing seeds.

• The term of aging. For the northern regions of the country, it is recommended to choose later varieties.
• The height of the bushes. If the seedlings will be planted in the greenhouse, then it is necessary to pay attention to its height, as usually such facilities are low, and therefore the tomatoes will not have enough space. In this case, it is recommended to choose undersized varieties. If the greenhouse allows, then there can be planted and other varieties that give seedlings in height to 50-100 cm.
• Region of residence. Today, there are seeds that are intended for planting in certain regions, depending on the climate in them. Therefore, before buying seeds, it is important to inquire about the availability of such varieties in the store.
• Planting. If the packaging for tomatoes says that the plant can only grow in greenhouses, then it is worth refusing to plant it in open ground. If this rule is not followed, then, most likely, the plants will not survive.
• The size of the fruits of a variety of tomatoes also matters. If a vegetable is needed for salads, then varieties with large fruits can be planted. If the product is required for conservation, it is recommended to give preference to those plants whose fruits do not exceed 6–7 cm in diameter.
• When choosing a variety, refer to its description, which is on the package. This will help to make the right decision and choose the right product that meets all the preferences of the gardener.

Vertical landing method is a classic method. When it is sapling is taken from the container and placed in the hole. After that, its roots are compacted and sprinkled with substrates. Typically, this method of planting is used for plants that do not exceed 30 cm in height.

The horizontal way of planting is used for seedlings, which are strongly stretched. At the same time, the sprouts themselves bend over and slightly wake up with the ground, which allows the roots and stems to develop well, as well as receive more nutrients from the ground during the growing season.

At the time of the growing season, adult plants should be watered, occasionally focusing on the appearance of the plants and the weather. Too much moisture will not allow the fruit to grow well. It can also contribute to mold and fruit growth.

When watering, it is important not to flood the shoots and leaves. But at the time of flowering the bushes need to be watered intensively, since a lack of fluid can cause a discharge of the inflorescences or a decrease in the size of the fruits after they appear.

To prepare the planting material well, use different dishes for seedlings.

Currently sold many different devices for growing seeds of tomatoes. As well as the dishes can be found in the house or make it yourself. It can be:

• plastic cut bottles;
• juice or milk cartons;
• boxes made of wood.

The volume of such capacity should not be more than 500 grams and not less than 200.

After selecting the variety, it is necessary to choose the right soil for planting. It is important that it is loose and nourishing. Soils are also sold in the store, and therefore they can be easily bought. It is possible to prepare their own soil. This will require:

1. sand;
2. land;
3. peat.

The components must be mixed and put into a container, into which the seeds will later be planted.

Before planting the seeds also need to prepare. To do this, place them in salt water. Those that float are unsuitable for cultivation, and they can be immediately thrown away.The remaining seeds are placed on a napkin and remain there until they have the first sprouts. Next, they land in the ground.

Planted tomatoes in open ground can be different methods. The main thing is to have a suitable temperature of the air and the soil itself for this. Ways of planting also have different. For example, tomatoes can be placed in the ground while standing or lying down.

Holes before disembarking should be sanitized. For this purpose, a solution of manganese light pink color is used. Inside the wells pour this solution. Only after such a procedure will it be possible to plant seedlings in the ground.

The timing of planting seedlings is also important. For this there are favorable days and numbers. In spring, seedlings are planted in early April. It is necessary to plant only in the heated soil. If it is the southern regions of the country, then transplanting is done in May.

In the greenhouse seeds can be planted in February. It is important to follow these rules in order to get good seedlings. If you do not observe these moments, the plant will surely germinate, but at the same time it will be sick and may not give fruit, as the tomatoes on them will not be tied. Special attention should be paid to these moments when planting seedlings in the northern parts of the country.

Tomatoes with large fruits are usually planted in greenhouses, which allows them to germinate well and tied up for subsequent planting in the ground. Such seedlings will be well prepared, because it is not afraid of small frosts and other negative natural factors.

If the seedlings are planted early, then the tomatoes on them will not have time to start and bloom. Such a culture will just turn green on the site, and there will be no desired result from it. Therefore, planting seeds and seedlings is required at a certain time. To follow all these rules when disembarking is necessary for obtaining a good harvest. Here a lot also depends on tomatoes of one sort or another.

To prepare the soil, it is necessary to water it beforehand. After evaporation of excess moisture, not less than 5 centimeters are made in the ground. This can be done with the help of a ruler or other improvised means. Seeds are planted at a distance of 3 cm from each other.

Then from above they are covered with earth. The distance between the trenches should be 4 cm. After this, the seeds are covered with glass or film to discolor the desired temperature. This will help create the conditions and humidity that will help the sunrises to appear quickly.

This procedure is carried out when the first leaves appear on the seedlings. Before diving, the soil is moistened and seedlings are removed, which are then transplanted to a separate place. This will allow the root system to develop better, and will not interfere with other processes.

Such procedures can be performed both in greenhouse conditions and in open areas or in an apartment. The process should be approached carefully and carefully so as not to destroy the seedlings. The method of M. Maslov is most often used for planting tomatoes, which allows an increase in yield of 8 times.

Further care of the sprouts will consist of regular watering and weed removal. Watering the seeds after planting must be done carefully so as not to overwhelm the soil with moisture, as it can start a fungus or other bacteria, which will negatively affect the first shoots and weaken them before planting in the open ground.

As well as the sprouts need to provide enough sun and heat, which will allow them to stretch faster. There is no need to feed the seeds, as usually the time of their germination is rather short. The main thing is to prepare the soil before planting, where the seedlings themselves will be planted.Sprouts should have a healthy appearance and be green, and their height should not exceed 20 cm.

Periodic hilling of bushes will help the plant to quickly form and strengthen its root system. It will also help nutrients to be better absorbed from the soil. Hilling is important to carry out in the period of the appearance of the fruit and their formation. This ensures the supply of nutrients and oxygen, which the plant most lacks when setting fruits.

If necessary, tomatoes can be mulched. This will retain moisture near the root, which is especially important in dry regions or in the dry season.

Periodic feeding also increases yields. From the moment the seedlings are planted until the first fruits appear, it is recommended to produce 4 dressings with different mixtures, which include different components. The first feeding is carried out on day 21 after planting the seedlings. The store purchased liquid "Ideal", which is diluted in water and poured onto plants.

The second dressing is carried out when the second pair of leaves appears on the inflorescences. For this, you can also use a special solution that is sold in stores.

The third and fourth dressings are carried out to increase yields and fruit set. They are usually held on day 14 after the appearance of the third inflorescence.

During the courtship of the plants need to tie them. It depends on the variety of tomato and its height. Tying will help protect fragile shoots from the wind and prevent them from breaking down from the severity of the fruit. To secure the sprouts, use pegs, nets and other devices. It all depends on the height of the bush. If the size of the tomato is no more than half a meter high, then it can be not tied up.

Inexperienced gardeners can make certain mistakes when growing tomatoes. The most common are:

1. wrong seed container;
2. the seeds themselves are incorrectly chosen;
3. poor lighting and improper temperature at the landing site;
4. soil saturation with fertilizers.

To get a good harvest, it is recommended to get acquainted with some recommendations from experienced gardeners before planting tomatoes. If favorable conditions are not created for tomatoes, they will grow and form side shoots, which negatively affects the yield, since nutrients enter the plant and do not contribute to its growth, but only feed unnecessary branches. Stretched or overgrown shoots also negatively affect the condition of the entire bush. Therefore, it is important to periodically staple the side branches.

The procedure is carried out during the growing season, leaving the main stem and one stepson on it. The remaining stepchildren are removed, which allows the formation of a strong and tall bush. Further, this procedure is carried out every 10 days.

If there are a lot of lateral sprouts, then they do not need to be broken off, as this can lead to wilting of the whole plant. It is recommended in this case to pinch off only the tip of the process, which will not allow it to grow in height.

As well as removing the top from the main shoot will help the fruit to ripen and form faster, because all the forces and nutrients will go not to the growth of the bush, but to the development of the fruit.

It is important during the formation of tomatoes to protect them from disease. The most common disease is late blight. It is manifested by white bloom on the leaves, which leads to a decrease in yield or death of the plant. This disease occurs when temperature drops or high humidity.In order to prevent pathology, it is recommended to treat a tomato two - three times per season with the composition "Barrier".

After the bushes ripen, it is necessary to properly harvest the tomatoes. The peculiarity is that they can ripen unevenly and quickly. Therefore, during the period of the appearance of the fruits, it is worthwhile to watch them closely and take pictures in time.

How and when to plant tomatoes in open ground, see the next video.