Planting and growing cucumbers in the greenhouse

Cucumber - perhaps one of the most beloved vegetables of all gardeners and gardeners. In almost any backyard plot you can find beds with this green vegetable.It is the basis for summer salads, sauces and snacks.

Seeds are the key to a good harvest. In most regions of Russia, it is possible to grow cucumbers only in a greenhouse. This is a guarantee of a good harvest. Most varieties in greenhouses grow rapidly, they start fruiting earlier, give a good ovary.

Even experienced farmers, entering the store, are lost from the abundance of varieties and types of seeds. And what about the novice growers. Many, having bought the first bag with seeds, are surprised at the result, or rather, its absence. Therefore, it is very important to determine which varieties of cucumbers are suitable for growing in a greenhouse on a private plot.

Indeed, in our country, cucumber is not only the summer base of salads, but also a winter snack. Cucumbers are salted in tubs and preserved. Not all varieties in salting are crispy and fragrant.

Breeders brought varieties of cucumbers that are suitable for salads and for canning.

Salad varieties have a delicate crust with small tubercles. Their seeds are small and barely noticeable. For pickling such cucumbers are not suitable. Firstly, the skin can taste bitter, and secondly, during preservation, cucumbers become watery and not at all crispy.

Among the salad varieties can be identified:

• "Bazar F1". Early ripe hybrid of parthenocarpic species. The yield does not depend on the pollination of bees. Fruits with a smooth delicate peel and juicy pulp. The hydride is resistant to powdery mildew, cucumber mosaic and other diseases.
• "Chinese heat resistant." Fruits with delicate pulp and thin skin. Ideal for summer salads.
• "Bukhara" - medium early variety. The rind is smooth. Resistant to diseases. Pollinating bees is not required.
• "Chinese snakes". Delicate and thin skin does not taste bitter in salads. This variety is unpretentious and at the same time gives a very good harvest.
• "Emerald Stream". The taste of the fruit is tender and sweet. The rind is thin. The variety is undemanding to the soil and climatic conditions. Well proven in regions with cold climates.
• "Tamerlan". Sredneranny grade with long fructification and high productivity. Fruits are dark without bitterness.

High yields of 35 kilograms from one bush can be obtained by growing varieties such as Athena F1, Amur and Courage.

Many hostesses prefer varieties for canning. They are good in salads, and you can always pickle excess fruit. In addition, cucumbers of such varieties practically do not taste bitter and even outgrowing retain their taste properties.

For salting prefer to grow varieties with small dark spikes. They are also called "Russians". They are suitable for salads and for preservation. The brine penetrates the tubercles, while the flesh does not soak and does not gain excess moisture. Cucumbers are crispy. They are ideal for salting in oak tubs. For these purposes, suitable varieties such as "Pickling", "Nightingale" and "Little Humpbacked Horse".

Many gardeners receive a lush ovary, from which, however, fruits are not obtained. Many blame the poor quality planting material.

Gardeners overlook that cucumber seeds are of two types:

• self-pollinated or parthenocarpic;
• bee pollinated

Otherwise, the bees will not be able to pollinate the flowers of cucumbers, and the fruit from the ovary will not work. Partenocarpic varieties do not depend on climatic conditions, they always show good yields. The varieties of these cucumbers give the ovary of the female type, but the harvest does not depend on pollination. It should be noted that in the fruits of these varieties there are practically no seeds or they are poorly expressed. Self-guided varieties have flowers of both female and male type, the same pistils and stamens from biology lessons. That is why they self-polled.

Cucumbers have different degrees of ripening.If you want to pamper yourself with the fruits from your plot as long as possible, then it is worth planting several varieties with different maturation rates.

According to the degree of ripening, cucumber varieties are divided into:

• Early. The first cucumbers appear already at 40-42 day.
• Early ripening Cucumbers begin to bear fruit on the 42-43 day.
• Mid-season. The first harvest will be in 45 days.
• Late-ripening The first harvest will appear in almost two months.

In climatic conditions of central Russia, as well as in its northern regions, mid-ripening varieties such as Masha F1, Zozulya F1, Anyuta F1, Claudia F1 are most suitable for planting.

Experienced farmers prefer hybrid varieties. They are resistant to diseases such as cucumber mosaic and powdery mildew. They give good yields, regardless of weather conditions. Hybrid varieties of cucumbers are grown only one year, it is impossible to get high-quality seed material from them.

To get a good crop of cucumbers, you need to take care of the soil in advance. This demanding crop will not grow on heavy acidic soils. Cucumbers grow on the friable, well filled with oxygen lands. Ideal loamy or sandy soil. Farmers and experienced gardeners assess soil acidity before sowing cucumbers. If its Ph is less than 7, then it is unsuitable for growing cucumbers. On alkaline soils (Ph is greater than 9), cucumbers do not produce an ovary.

You can determine the acidity of the soil yourself using the Alyamovsky instrument. If you can not buy it, then you can determine the acidity with litmus paper. To do this, a 30-centimeter cut of the earth is moistened with water and combined with litmus paper. It is an indicator of Ph. Experienced gardeners determine the acidity of the soil and plants growing on it. Plantain, Ivan-da-Marya, horsetail, sedge and wood louse grow on acidic soils.

It is necessary to prepare the soil not before planting, but in the deep autumn. It is possible to level acidity with the help of mineral fertilizers. Acid soils are fertilized with alkaline fertilizers. Organic mineral fertilizers that will help reduce its level: chalk, hydrated lime, ash.

After this, future beds are being prepared. The first layer of beds is drainage. Suitable for this straw or twigs. Drainage fits on a layer of at least thirty centimeters. The second layer is manure. After fertilizing them, the beds are left until spring.

Cucumbers are a heat-loving plant, so sowing seeds in a greenhouse is necessary only when the risk of morning frost has passed. For a greenhouse, a sunny place is chosen. As soon as the soil is warmed, they dig it up. Digging depth - not less than 20 cm. The top layer of the earth mixes with humus. This is the best fertilizer that you can easily get on the plot. Cucumbers fruit well in greenhouses on the soil well-fertilized with mineral and organic fertilizers.

For planting substrate, the upper fertile layer is mixed with manure. After it burns out, you can continue to work. The fertile substrate is mixed with humus and sand in a ratio of 2: 2: 1. The resulting soil must be disinfected. Ideal for this solution is manganese. Then the area selected for planting, covered with a film for several days. This is necessary for the deep warming of the earth. Five days before planting beds are formed, and after the earth has settled, you can begin to plant.

Cucumbers are grown either immediately by planting seeds in closed ground, or using seedlings. Cucumbers grow well on soils rich in oxygen and fertilizer. In order to get a good harvest every year, it is right to change the place of their planting every year. Otherwise, cucumbers will be subject to powdery mildew and other diseases.It is better to plant them in those places where tomatoes, peas or beans were previously grown. The classical scheme of crop rotation involves the return of cucumbers is not the same place only after four years.

Cucumbers grown from seedlings, give an earlier and richer harvest. Landing in the ground can begin in early spring. In such cases, seedlings are planted in a greenhouse. By the time of landing in the ground at the seedlings of cucumbers should be 3-4 true leaf.

To grow it, it is necessary to warm the seeds. This will "harden" the seeds. Shoots will be uniform, with flowering there will be almost no empty flowers, and fruiting will start earlier.

The next stage of preparation is disinfection. Seeds are soaked in a nutrient solution of 2 liters of water, 2 teaspoons of pure wood ash and 1 tablespoon of nitrophoska. Seeds are in a nutrient solution for at least 10-12 hours. Then they are laid on a damp cotton cloth until complete swelling. Seeds should not germinate, only slightly peep. At this stage, they are cleaned in the refrigerator. If hybrid varieties of cucumbers are planted, then preseeding preparation can be skipped.

Seeds are planted in small peat pots to a depth of at least 2 centimeters. It is not worth digging up the seeds, it complicates their souring. When the first two leaves appear on the seedlings, a fertilizer is prepared from nitrophoska. Seedlings are watered once a week.

Before sowing seedlings of cucumbers into closed ground, the beds formed are watered with hot water mixed with copper sulphate. Seedlings are planted in the depths of 4-5 centimeters. Close cucumbers are not worth planting. The optimal distance is at least 50-60 centimeters. Make a landing at an air temperature of at least 15 degrees during the day.

Planting cucumbers in greenhouse seeds in seeds is carried out in well-heated soil, when the air temperature at night does not fall below 15 degrees Celsius. If necessary, the seeds make preplant preparation. If it is not needed, then the seeds are just soaked in water a few days before planting. Soaking time - no more than 12 hours. For the seeds to slip, after that they are left in a wet canvas bag.

When the seeds begin to germinate, they are sown in a closed ground. In the greenhouse should be as warm as possible. This will improve survival and growth of culture. If this is not done, cucumbers will sit for a long time in the ground.

Experienced gardeners recommend growing seedlings in peat pots without bottom. Pumpkin cucumbers, including, have a weak root system. Plant transplantation is a big stress for their root system.

If there are slugs on the plot, then cucumbers planted should be protected from them. To do this, freshly planted seedlings covered with five-liter PET bottles from under the water with a cut bottom.

Novice gardeners face a choice where it is better to grow cucumbers - in greenhouses or greenhouses. The main disadvantage of high greenhouses is rapid cooling, and cucumbers do not tolerate temperature fluctuations. Therefore, these greenhouses must be further heated, which leads to increased costs. In Central Russia, Siberia and the northern regions, it is optimal to grow cucumbers not on trellis in tall calves, but in small horizontal greenhouses.

Ready greenhouses are convenient to use, but the standardized form is not always suitable for installation on the plot. In addition, their cost is not affordable for many gardeners.

Greenhouse for cucumbers can be built with your own hands.

It is based on arcs, which can be made from:

• become;
• aluminum;
• reinforced plastic;
• plastic.

Aluminum arcs are well proven in operation, they are rust resistant and lightweight. Arcs can be installed directly into the ground, and can be on the foundation.Their main disadvantage is the high price.

The base of plastic pipes is much more economical, this causes their high popularity.

The basic principles of choosing a place for a greenhouse:

• flat, sunny plot;
• convenient approach for watering, weeding and picking cucumbers;
• West to East location for maximum light.

The future harvest depends on the quality of covering material. It should pass UV light well and be resistant to the adverse effects of the external environment. As a covering material it is better to use an armored film. It has high wear resistance, it can be used at extreme temperatures, both low and high. The film well protects the soil from precipitation.

Polycarbonate greenhouses are also installed on the backyards. It is made of plastic and can be monolithic with a fixed thickness or honeycomb. Between the two sheets of plastic are cells of a given width. Cellular polycarbonate is ideal for greenhouses. It retains heat well, ensuring proper air circulation.

The size of the greenhouse should allow plants to grow. If cucumbers are grown on a trellis, the greenhouse should be high enough. The greenhouse of an arch form will be ideally suited. For creeping varieties will be enough low, but wide mini-greenhouse.

Making a greenhouse with your own hands is a snap. Homemade designs are not inferior to the factory, and their cost is much lower. The most important thing is to follow the basic principles of agricultural engineering. In the greenhouse should be a folding part. It should be designed in such a way that the number of slots is minimal. If the greenhouse is made in the form of an arch, then you only need to bend the polycarbonate sheet across. To prevent water from stagnating in polycarbonate sheets, the seams must be hermetically sealed.

Most of the greenhouses located on the garden plots are either rectangular or arched. Recently, the popularity of greenhouses, butterflies. They are made of aluminum frame and honeycomb polycarbonate. In this greenhouse there is an opportunity to open the doors on both sides. When they are all open, the greenhouse looks like a butterfly. This configuration allows on a hot day to fully disclose the structure. Plants get more ultraviolet radiation, and the earth warms up well. At night, the sash is lowered, which allows you to keep warm. Such a greenhouse allows rational use of the site. They are easy to maintain and durable.

Some users of such greenhouses say that water gets into the polycarbonate through the mounting holes, which is why it deteriorates over time. This problem is easily fixed with a sealant and a file.

The first time after planting in the ground cucumbers must be protected from temperature extremes. Therefore, it is better to plant seedlings in greenhouses. During the day it opens for airing, and if it is cold, windy or rainy outside, only the ends open.

Cucumber - moisture-loving culture. Many novice gardeners make a common mistake, often watering them. As a result, the root system rots and the plant dies. The ideal irrigation system is drip. But if it is not possible to install it, then it is better to water the saplings from the watering can or hose at the root, without moistening the leaves with warm water (not less than 25 degrees).

Greenhouse plants after sprouting are fed more often than unpaved ones. This is due to the rapid depletion of soil in greenhouses. Mineral supplements are applied every 10 days. Better to do it in fair weather. Ideal fertilizer can be prepared by yourself. For this, sodium sulfate, phosphate and urea are mixed. They can be made at the root, and can be fertilized foliar way.

You can feed cucumbers with organic fertilizers, such as chicken manure solution. Experts recommend that after making organic matter, water cucumbers with clean running water.

After planting in the ground immediately after rooting hilling is carried out. It allows you to retain moisture in the root system, as well as saturate the soil with oxygen, which to some extent protects the roots from rotting. Loosen the ground shallowly - no more than 5 centimeters, so as not to damage the root system. If necessary, the plants need to be thinned.

Water cucumbers at the rate of 5-7 liters per square meter. In hot weather, leaves are sprayed. This protects them from overheating. In the period of active fruiting, the bushes are watered more often than in the vegetative one.

To speed up the harvest, the plants pinch. After the fourth or fifth full leaf appears, the stem is cut off. Cucumbers give lateral processes on which flowers of the female type are formed. Only middle and late-ripened cucumbers are pinned. Early varieties do not need this procedure. No need to pinch and hybrid varieties, as they do not give side shoots, initially the flowers in these varieties are only female type.

In hot climates, it makes sense to tie cucumbers on the grid height of 150 centimeters. Cucumbers braid trellis. With the vertical method of growing the plant gets full access to sunlight, which increases the yield. Harvesting cucumbers on such trellis is much easier. Garter cucumbers is carried out before the start of the fruiting period.

During the period of active fruiting, the crop is harvested at least once every two days, otherwise the cucumbers will outgrow and lose their taste qualities.

Powdery mildew is the most common disease of cucumbers and other garden crops. Plaque appears on the leaves, they turn white and dry. This disease has a fungal nature. The plant dries and ceases to bear fruit. Mealy dew often occurs on soils that are too actively fertilized with organic matter. In addition, this disease is actively developing in cool and rainy weather. When the air temperature in the daytime warms up to 20 degrees, powdery mildew stops its development.

In order to prevent crop loss due to this disease, it is not necessary to plant a crop in the same place for several years in a row. You need to collect not only good cucumbers, but also to remove defective ones. It is important to conduct disinfection of greenhouses and greenhouses without fail. Until comfortable temperatures are established, cover the cucumbers with a film, water under the root with warm water. Hybrid varieties are less susceptible to the disease, but if the plant is sick, then it must be sprayed with fungicides.

If the leaves began to turn yellow, the cucumbers struck peronospora. This is a dangerous disease that affects plants in any period, from vegetation to the phase of active fruiting. The disease is caused by a fungus that develops at very high humidity. Usually ill plants that are watered with cold water is not at the root.

To prevent the occurrence of this disease, you should not plant cucumbers thickly, you should only water them under the root and only with warm water. In greenhouses, the temperature is maintained at a temperature not lower than 23 degrees Celsius, and vegetables in open ground are covered with a film at night. If the first signs of the disease are noticed, watering and the application of mineral fertilizers are stopped. Shoots are treated Bordeaux liquid. You can handle cucumbers drug "Ordan."

Brown spotting is expressed in the appearance on the sheets of stains, similar to small ulcers of olive color. After a few days, they increase and become darker. Most often, this disease affects plants in cold rainy weather.In the hot season, plants are most often affected at the end of the fruiting period, when there is a temperature drop, and in the morning dew falls.

The disease remains in the soil for a very long time, spreading by the wind, especially in wet weather. In order not to expose the future crop to danger, cucumbers do not need to be planted in the same place two years in a row.

If a white bloom appeared on the plant, which darkens with time, this means that the cucumbers got sick with white rot. This plaque affects both leaves, and fruits, and ovary. Over time, this raid turns into mucus. This disease often affects greenhouse plants. The fact is that in them the humidity is often increased, the air circulation is disturbed. Thick planting also contributes to the spread of the disease. If white rot appears in the greenhouse, it is imperative to disinfect the entire structure without fail and care for the plants more carefully.

Ten rules for growing cucumbers in the greenhouse, see the following video.