Coffee tree: how to plant and care?

Coffee tree can be grown at home.Many gardeners are interested in how to plant and care for this plant, so that it pleased with its inflorescences and fruits. To do this, you will need to study the features of care and provide the plant with an optimal habitat.

Many people are wondering whether it will be possible to grow a tree of coffee from the beans that are sold in grocery stores. The answer to this question is negative, since the seeds will not be able to germinate. Seeds from this culture quickly lose their ability to grow. Many home gardeners report that growing coffee at home is similar to citrus cultivation.

Features of the tree are as follows:

• The tree is non-toxic coffee. Therefore, it is not able to cause harm to humans and pets.
• Grains from which the drink is made are able to cope with headaches and fatigue. Many people take coffee as a drug that dilates blood vessels and increases pressure. In some cases, it is used in the intoxication of the body.
• Home grown grains need to be roasted before use. This procedure gives the drink a pleasant aroma and special taste.

To grow a beautiful and healthy coffee tree, you should make the right choice in the store. From the state of the plant at the time of purchase depends on its fate. The store has a wide selection of copies, among which each person can find his own version. Choosing a coffee tree, no need to hurry. First of all, you should carefully examine the appearance of the plant. A healthy tree is as follows:

• A large number of leaves that have a bright green color. They should not be damaged or stained.
• Externally, there should not be signs of disease and damage from insects.

You will also need to examine the label on which the plant variety is indicated:

• "C. arabica - This is a sort of real coffee tree. It can also be grown at home.
• "Nana" - such tree differs in the small sizes. It actively blooms and attracts attention with its decorative qualities.

If the purchase is made in the winter, a good packing of the seedling is required so that it does not get damaged during transport. Most stores have this service, so the seller deals with the packaging.

Coffee trees are diverse. Among them you can find evergreen representatives, shrub types, as well as high-grade trees. All species have one similarity, which consists in the presence of a small portion of caffeine in the leaves with grains.

This cultivar is grown at home by many gardeners. It looks like a compact tree. The variety has elongated leaves of dark olive color with a glossy outer surface. The inner side is pale. Inflorescences are small. Their diameter is 2 cm, the flower is collected in a bouquet.

After the flower is revealed, the fresh state lasts only for a few hours. However, the opening of the buds occurs alternately. When the inflorescence blossoms, fruits remain on the branches that look like berries. When ripe, the berries have a burgundy color. Maturation occurs eight months after pollination. On the branches, the fruits are arranged in pairs that look like round beans.The height of this tree can reach 5 meters.

This is a compact plant that grows up to one meter in height. The variety attracts the attention of many home gardeners for its abundance in flowering, as well as good fruiting. Trees can be given an original look with the help of crown formation and nip.

The variety is also often grown on window sills. Ripe fruits of the plant have scarlet and orange colors. The length of the leaves can reach 40 cm. You can adjust the height of the coffee by pinching and trimming protruding shoots. Inflorescences have a light color and large fruits, similar to berries.

Since young coffee trees require a large amount of light, a window sill is considered the best place for their development. It is recommended to choose a warm room for growing this plant. The seedling can grow on the north windows, but it grows better on the south side.

At temperature should also pay attention. In the summer and spring season, room temperature will be sufficient, but in winter the plant will need a mode of 14-15 degrees. It is not allowed to lower the mark on the thermometer below 12 degrees.

In the summer, it will be necessary to water the plants more frequently and more abundantly than in winter. Setting the desired portion for irrigation depends on the temperature that is present in the room. The soil with air should not be too dry or wet, as this has an adverse effect on the growing season of the coffee tree.

When choosing a place, you should choose a zone with good illumination. If the plant is located on the northern part, it will grow slowly and flowering, along with fruiting, will be overdue. If you plant a tree on the south side, you should also familiarize yourself with the pitfalls. The leaves of a young plant are prone to burns from exposure to sunlight, so the pot should be placed in a small shade.

To create a shading, you need to fix a sheet of newspaper on the window. The sun's rays that fall on the seedling, turn into diffused light and can not burn the leaves. An adult coffee tree that lacks light cannot form a normal ovary. Pritenyat plant should be immediately after the embryos of the fruit.

To grow a full-fledged coffee tree, you need to provide the plant with all the necessary conditions for development. First of all, you should pay attention to the soil and learn the rules of irrigation.

To grow a coffee tree should be in breathable and loose soils. Watering such a soil, water can impart moisture to the root system and not form stagnation. All excess fluid flows through the drainage holes in the pan.

You can create the desired substrate in two ways:

• It will be necessary to mix one part of the leaf sod with two parts of coarse river sand and two parts of the rubbed peat mixture.
• It is necessary to mix the same amount of leaf turf, chernozem, humus and sand. To these should be added two lobes of acidic peat.

Like all home plants, in the summer coffee trees should be provided with abundant watering, and in winter their frequency should be reduced. Coffee like soft rainwater. Also, the tree extracts moisture from the air, so you should systematically spray its leaves. Wiping them with a damp cloth or sponge is good for them.You can arrange a plant shower procedures with warm water or watering with the help of the bottom tray.

Coffee should be fertilized in spring and summer, because during this period there is an active growing season. You can feed the plant mineral supplements, in which there is a large amount of nitrogen and potassium. Some users add diluted chicken droppings to the soil (0.5 liters of fermented litter will be required for 10 liters of water). Top dressing should be carried out under a root in a moist soil.

Also, coffee trees are good for a liquid mixture of bone meal (for feeding you need 200 grams of flour per 10 kg of soil). With this additive, you can compensate for the lack of phosphorus particles. From spring to autumn, fertilizer will be required with a complex of additives made for roses and azaleas. Add fertilizer once a week.

The normal development of a plant depends not only on good soil and watering, but also on the right choice of a flowerpot. The coffee seed should be planted in a small pot, as too much capacity may have an adverse effect on the formation of young plants.

When the coffee takes root and begins active growth, you can begin to transplant it into a larger pot. Experienced gardeners believe that the new pot should be two or three times larger than its predecessor. Choosing too large a capacity will result in the plant's roots not being able to get all the necessary elements during fertilization and watering.

The stores have a large selection of flower pots made from different materials. Coffee owners should decide for themselves which product is suitable for growing coffee tree.

Planting should be done in a deep pot. This is due to the fact that coffee has tap roots that go down to a considerable depth. Scarification will be required before planting the seed. To do this, scratch the surface of the seeds or use pliers with which the grain is compressed slightly.

The process is necessary for the destruction of the solid surface of seeds, so that the plant quickly germinates. If scarification is neglected, the seed will stay in the ground for a long time, waiting until the outer shell collapses on its own. Coffee trees can propagate by seed or green cuttings.

The coffee tree is able to germinate from green seeds. Acquisition of unroasted grains will be required. Before soaking, you need to destroy the seed shell. Then follow the following steps:

• Scarified coffee beans should be lowered overnight in special growth stimulants (Zircon and Epin are in demand).
• Preparation of a deep pot, which is loose and slightly moistened soil. Drainage should be located at the bottom of the tank. Planting seeds is carried out at a depth of 3-4 cm. The step of planting is 3-5 cm.
• Soil with grains should be covered with film or glass.
• The pot should be placed in a room where the temperature is warm. Film or glass should be removed from the pot twice a week to air and remove condensate.

The first shoots will make themselves known after 50-55 days. The coffee tree is tug-like, so its owner will need to acquire patience. A year later, the grains practically lose their germination rates: the energy value is 3% out of 100. According to statistics, out of a hundred grains only 2-3 germinate.

Reproduction using green cutting is considered the most optimal way. To transplant the cutting, you will need a loose soil in which there is access of moisture and oxygen. To do this, mix the perlite with acidic bog peat. When mixing should ensure equality of all shares. Soil moistening is performed using light manganese concentrate. The addition of this substance provides decontamination of the earth.

To grow a new coffee tree, you need to take a sprig from an adult plant, which is located in the middle of the crown. On the selected branch there should be 4 leaves. It is best to choose cuttings from last year's increments. These branches have buds of buds, so the new tree will quickly begin to bloom.

Cutting the stalk is recommended with a sharp knife or blade. The cut should be 3 cm below the leaves. To ensure the formation of future roots, should be using a needle to make longitudinal scratches under the last leaves.

Then the branches should be left for three hours in a special mixture, which will help the roots to form. The solution consists of one spoon of honey, one glass of pure water. Alternatively, you can use a solution of heteroauxin, where 1/4 tablet should fall to 1.5 liters of water. In the solution should be placed cuttings lower part, so the branch is set vertically. After preparation, future coffee trees can be placed in the ground to the leaves.

Planting depth is about 2-3 cm. Then you will need to cover the pot with perforated film. With it, airing will be provided along with spraying. It is also recommended to close the cuttings from the sun. The optimal conditions for cuttings of coffee tree is the temperature regime of +25 degrees.

The maximum temperature limit is 30 degrees. The fact that the cuttings have taken root will be the beginning of the growth of the kidneys, which are located on top. After the germination of new leaves, you can begin to dive into a new pot.

Cutting, compared with seed propagation, has the following advantages:

• young coffee will have all the qualities of its parent;
• bloom will occur in the first year;
• in one year you can get the fruits.

The coffee tree does not require much care, but does not tolerate a change of place, along with the turns of the pot. If you turn the pot at least 20 degrees, coffee can begin to pour leaves. Rotation slows down the flowering process and provokes the fall of the fruit. Each person is able to memorize a similar feature of the plant and not transfer it to another place. If you properly care for coffee, it will decorate the decor of any home and give delicious fruits grown on the windowsill.

During the first year, the tree grows by 20-25 cm. During development, the formation of axillary buds is observed, which in the future become lateral branches. They also appear buds, from which grow branches of the third order.

Active crowning occurs in the second year and does not require formation. The branches are perpendicular to the trunk, the cap looks magnificent. The formation of an adult tree is done by pinching and trimming.

As a rule, this is required in the following cases:

• with a strong breeding of skeletal branches in different directions;
• when the crown is too thick, because of which the lighting of the tree is reduced
• if necessary, new cuttings for planting new seedlings.

Coffee trees cannot grow in one place for decades. In the eighth or tenth year of life, they lose their decorative properties.Only young saplings have an attractive crown. To rejuvenate the plants, you can use a partial cut of the trunk. With the help of new shoots quickly formed a new cap. Alternatively, you can use cuttings.

With a well-organized coffee tree care, it will give its owner beautiful flowers. Flowering occurs in small buds that exude an elegant and delicate aroma. Most gardeners admit that they decided to grow coffee trees only after they smelled the smell of its flowers.

Flowering occurs every year. Some trees bloom twice a year: in spring and autumn. On the crown appear inflorescences pale white color, on which there are numerous flowers and sharp petals. The aroma extends to the whole apartment. If it is not possible to provide natural pollination, you can do it yourself. For pollination, you will need to slightly shake off flowering branches or process inflorescences with a soft brush.

Ovaries with fruits are located on almost every flower. They look like small green peas. Growing, the fruit becomes red, eventually finding a maroon color. Aging occurs over a long period of time (about 9 months).

Coffee does not like too wet soil, but too dry air is more dangerous for it. A tree can catch a spider mite, and in the cold season get a shield. To prevent the formation of these diseases, you will need to avoid drafts and monitor the humidity of the air (helps with watering by spraying or a wet shower). Also, the plant may suffer from coffee rust, legume drills and black fungi.

Being engaged in growing coffee trees at home, do not forget that they belong to the category of tropical plants, so they can not survive in a temperate or cold climate. If the temperature in the room is below 15 degrees, the tree may die. A black outline is formed on the leaves, after which the entire green surface acquires a dark color, and the coffee itself dies.

Any disease should remove the affected leaves, may require the use of specialized drugs. The stores sell drugs aimed at curing against specific diseases. If the coffee tree has been attacked by a scythe or aphid, the leaves should be washed with a solution of soap for treatment. Then you can use special tools. A good result shows the solution "Karbofos", "Aktelik" 0.15%. For the treatment will require 0.5 liters of water and 10 drops of the drug. For severe lesions, the procedure is performed twice. Repeated spraying is carried out a week after the first treatment.

If there is a fungus on the leaves, treatment with copper sulfate will be required. Good results are shown by the use of antifungal agents intended for domestic plants. Before using them you need to read the instructions. Aphids are removed by wiping with simple alcohol.

Coffee has long been popular in various areas of traditional medicine. He is able not only to cope with headaches, remove fatigue and give a feeling of cheerfulness, but also relieves coughing fits.At home, you can prepare a pleasant drink with useful properties that increase heart function, appetite and performance in general.

Coffee coal is a good tool for intoxication. It helps cleanse the digestive tract, neutralizes all toxic components. He also saves from flatulence and promotes healing of wounds and abrasions. The key element of coffee drinks is caffeine. With this component all useful qualities are determined. The main property of caffeine is the excitation of the central nervous system.

Catching up on coffee tree, you can get grains from which you get a tasty and healthy drink. Its use increases reflex excitability, work of the cardiac system and respiratory organs. An increase in blood pressure is also observed. Such changes are not particularly noticeable, since coffee must be taken in small doses.

With an overdose, all the signs immediately become apparent. For this reason, doctors do not advise people to drink coffee with heart, ulcers, as well as with an excitable nervous system. Receiving coffee in large doses is comparable to the use of strong sedatives.

Gardeners who grow coffee plants at home often prepare a special tool that can cope with headaches. To create a medicine, it will take raw grains to grind. The resulting mixture (tablespoon) is poured with one glass of hot water. The resulting solution is placed in a warm place and infused for about an hour. It is necessary to accept means three times a day after food. The required dose is 1/3 cup at a time.

In the next video you will find the secrets of growing a coffee tree.