Potatoes before planting

One of the important tasks in the cultivation of potatoes is a series of activities aimed at preserving a healthy plant and obtaining a good harvest. That is why it is important to properly treat the potatoes before planting, to reliably protect them from all sorts of diseases and pests.

There are so-called risk farming areas. They are located mostly in the northern latitudes of Russia. Because of the climate, such zones are characterized by rare potato yields. Experienced gardeners know exactly what agricultural technologies need to be used for the effective cultivation of vegetables. Especially it concerns the use of certain fertilizers and drugs for pests and diseases.

Due to this, the base of plant growth and development is laid, which acquires additional properties of resistance to adverse environmental influences. Technologies for the development of plant immunity and the acquisition of fertility qualities by it are directly related to the innovative developments of scientists in this field. They found that a plant is a kind of mechanism, which can be controlled through its functions and its potential. By revealing it, one can simulate certain qualities of a plant, giving it the desired properties.

Studies have shown that the growth and development of potatoes are controlled by phytohormones - plant stimulants. Factors such as cold, drought and heavy rains block these natural properties of potatoes. Therefore, it is necessary to help him with the help of artificially created stimulants, to support the immune system, at the same time protecting it from the negative effects of various etymologies. Potato processing is a necessary procedure that guarantees a high-quality and abundant harvest.

The most important procedure in early spring is the preparation of planting material, which is planted not just with tubers, but with special seed potatoes, as well as seeds. It is seed planting that prevents the transmission of hereditary plant diseases. Before planting, seed potatoes should be sorted out and sorted on a special bulkhead covering, discarding tubers with signs of fungal inclusions and unhealthy elements of rot and nematodes.

Warming up of potato tubers before planting creates optimal conditions for seed germination. Germination gives the plant protection against late blight. Somewhere a month before planting potatoes begin to germinate. Planting tubers after bulkhead put in boxes and placed in a heated room, where the temperature is not lower than 15 - 18 degrees.

Potatoes provide a constant flow of light, rearranging boxes to optimize the process (before planting tubers).

About a month later, root crops germinate, forming sturdy root shoots. Good effect is given by temperature drops. As soon as the shoots are formed, the temperature is reduced by several degrees for a couple of days (not lower than +5), then normalized to + 18-20 degrees. And so - several times. Such hardening ensures maximum germination and quality of the crop of this vegetable.

In the absence of light potatoes warm up no more than 10 days. Long-term heating in a dark room contributes to the thinning of the seed processes and their breaking off. The first shoots are of great importance. Their loss leads to a significant decrease in yield, and some varieties may not sprout at all.When planted, large tubers are cut along the border of paired seed fractions. Similarly, the area of ​​planting material increases while maintaining its properties.

Particles with eyes, weighing approximately 50 grams, are pollinated with ashes before planting into the ground. If this is not possible, then it is necessary to cut the tubers for half a month before planting, so that a cork layer is formed at the cut point to protect against the harmful bacteria. The cut root crop is not buried in the unheated soil, as well as in very moist or too dry soil.

Pre-plant preparation involves treating potatoes with biostimulants and insecticidal and fungicidal preparations. A powerful effect is given by spraying the planting material with manganese, boron, iodine, zinc and molybdenum compounds. All necessary substances are contained in complex microfertilizers and Epin-type stimulants. This is a classic adaptogen. After treatment with this drug, the plant is able to withstand slight frosts, which is important in the conditions of northern latitudes.

The tool is safe for animals, significantly increases the kronirovanie bush and contributes to the improvement of the root system. Increasing the green area improves the photosynthesis process, and the roots become strong and massive. The drug removes pesticides and heavy metals, nitrates and other toxins from root crops, doubling the yield of the crop. For use, the vial is dissolved in half a liter of water and irrigated with potato tubers about 20 hours before planting.

Growth stimulator "Vermystim" consists of humus, contains the whole complex of organic compounds needed by the plant, including micro and macro elements, as well as some organic spores. It is a waste product of earthworms, synthesized and adapted to improve the growth, nutrition and development of the plant. The drug acts in several directions: it feeds and protects the plant from diseases. This is the only drug on the market for this type of product containing phytohormones - the basis for the growth of organic cells.

Before planting, planting material is also treated with preparations based on organic compounds. There are a number of biological modulators synthesized from biological spheres, for example, Fitosporin. Biofugnitsid "Fitosporin M" contains strains of hay bacillus, capable of combating pathogenic bacteria. Such drugs are good for the prevention and treatment of isolated and beginning plant diseases.

In the case of massive lesions, as well as with a deep degree of damage to the plant, compounds with copper are used. Handle the tubers with copper sulfate should be after all preplant activities, in the last turn, about two days before planting.

Copper sulphate significantly increases the resistance of potato tubers, gives vitality to the plant and contributes to the healthy development of stolons. It is necessary to work with drugs in gloves and a special mask. The greatest enemies of potatoes are the May beetles, the bear, wireworms, saprophytes and other pests and infections. To get rid of these negative factors, before planting into the ground, potato tubers are treated with insecticidal and fungicidal agents, for example, Prestige.

"Prestige" is able to act in several directions at once: it stimulates growth and also protects the plant from beetles and various diseases. It is easy to use, effective against rhizoctoniosis and the Colorado potato beetle. Prepare a solution of the drug at the rate of: one liter of water - one hundred grams of "Prestige". Potatoes are plentifully watered with this compound shortly before planting.

Necessary elements for the recovery of the plant contain microfertilizer "Mikom". It is used in the prepress pore, strictly following the instructions. For the destruction of insects using drugs narrow purpose: "Taboo", "Commander" and others. The insecticide Taboo is used to treat potatoes before planting along with the furrow. It is applied to the tubers, which are evenly painted in pink. These drugs help get rid of Colorado and other beetles - pests.

In order for potatoes to become resistant to diseases, 2 percent ammonium nitrate, copper sulfate and preparations with phosphorus are added to the solutions with which the planting material is processed. As a folk remedy - insecticide also use birch tar and soap. This tool was successfully used long before the invention of chemicals. To prepare the solution in a bucket of water, dilute one teaspoon of tar and 50 grams of laundry soap. The mixture is infused for an hour, then it is generously irrigated by the planting wells.

Tubers before planting are also treated with tar solution with a sprayer. The composition helps to effectively fight insects such as the onion fly, cabbage soup and the Colorado potato beetle. To increase the quality of the shoots, stimulating cuts are carried out on whole tubers. To do this, across the root carry a notch around the perimeter, at a depth of 1-1.5 centimeters.

Insects and all sorts of infections - this is not the whole list of dangerous elements that threaten to leave the summer resident without a crop. There is still the danger of infection of potatoes with saprophytic microflora. The most dangerous disease of potatoes - Alternaria with blight. Disease pathogens are tiny pathogens that can destroy all multi-day work in a matter of hours.

The pathogens are found in potato tubers, where they winter well, and with warming they begin their destructive work. Tubers are infected from the tops in the process of watering or after rains during harvest, are transmitted through contact of the affected parts of the plant with healthy ones.

Ways of struggle vary depending on the nature and causes of the disease. So, in late blight, you should act immediately, since this type of damage can destroy all healthy plants in a week. In the case of Alternaria, the disease progresses slowly, so prevention is ineffective. Treatment of Alternariosis is carried out symptomatically, that is, at the initial signs of damage, strictly following the instructions.

In order to protect against phytophthora, you can also treat the tubers before planting with special preparations, for example, such as "Ditan M 45", "Aktara", "Vitavaks - 200", "Kolfugo Super Color" It is necessary to act correctly and remember that biofungicides cannot be used in conjunction with alkaline preparations. Beneficial bacteria are very sensitive to light, so it is not recommended to leave them in the sun. Processing of root crops before planting is carried out at night or in cloudy weather.

In case of heavy rains, repeated spraying of tubers is performed, significantly reducing the interval between treatments. At the onset of plant disease by late blight, tubers can be sprayed more often by doubling the recommended solution concentration.

To protect against various diseases, before planting, it is necessary to prepare the soil, make special preparations such as "Quadris" in it, which will delay the disease of late blight and increase the intervals between repeated treatments to 14 days.Plant protection from disease is carried out at the stage of planting tubers in the ground. Further, the bushes should be treated taking into account the properties, phases of development and resistance to various diseases with drugs such as "Shirlan", "Bravo", "Ditan", "Quadris", "Fundazol", "Revus".

The preparations contain several components that can effectively deal with pathogenic formations. The compositions have a prolonged action due to the system and contact ingredients. The contact element "mancozeb" does not allow spores to germinate in the tissues of the plant. The system component "mefenoxam" accumulates inside the tissues of the potato, inhibiting the destructive function of the mycelium.

All gardeners are familiar with the picture when the potato harvest is holed. This is the work of the larva of the beetle, the click or the wireworm. Affected tubers rot, spreading pathogenic bacteria year after year, causing significant damage to vegetable growers. In this case, you can not give up, but you need to look for effective ways to combat this pest.

First of all, it is necessary to study the enemy, and then act on his destruction. Wireworms live in neglected areas, in weeds. In the well-groomed areas it is rarely seen.

It is difficult to fight this type of pest due to the fact that it constantly migrates in search of new organic cells - the source of its existence. Therefore, it is necessary to process the tubers and soil before planting with special formulations of the type “Prototoks”, “Aktara”, “Decis”, “Fitoverm”. By dropping the Provotox granules into the planting hole next to the tuber, you can secure the potatoes for the entire period of plant growth. This drug is evenly distributed in the soil, carrying out a protective function.

“Prototoks” is not an ambulance, but a powerful prophylactic agent of prolonged action. In addition, it eliminates weeds, without affecting the vegetable crop.

To protect potatoes from pests and diseases, it is enough to treat potato tubers with insecticides and fungicides. This procedure will contribute to the overall health of the plant. But in order to provide him with additional properties of stability and growth, they use biopreparations specifically designed for this purpose — growth stimulants, such as Zircon, Charm, and Epin.

They also include the well-known drug "Poteytin". This reliable proven remedy for the treatment of potato tubers during planting not only enhances the plant immunity, but also has a moderate effect against major diseases. The tubers treated with this tool give early shoots, develop faster, and the bush is much healthier and greener than usual. With this drug it is easier to deal with the Colorado potato beetle and Medvedka, as well as late blight. Also, "Potytin" increases the yield of potatoes several times.

The drug is diluted according to the instructions and spray them with potato tubers. The product is economical, compatible with fungicides and anti-pest agents. Good effect is observed in combination with "Fitosporin". One ampoule of the drug is enough to process up to 60 kilograms of potatoes. By ensuring the safety of your future harvest with the help of special means, it is possible from year to year to fix the obtained effect in the genetic memory of the plant and thereby contribute to the progress of the vegetable sector of the national economy.

How the full processing of potatoes becomes before landing, look in the following video.