Features of persimmon varieties

Exotic fruit persimmon is not delight for every consumer.Knitting taste attracts a few, but this is due to the fact that persimmon becomes pleasant to taste only after the first frost. It is at this time that the fruits are completely ripe. When ripe, the fruit accumulates tannin, causing astringent taste. When the fruit is ripe, the substance disappears. In order not to be mistaken with the purchase of ripe fruit, it is easier to abandon the store product, and try to grow persimmon on your own.

The plant is successfully cultivated in China, Italy, Spain, Egypt, in several Arab countries, in some Iranian cities. The benefits that this unusual fruit is capable of are invaluable. It takes an honorable second place in its dietary, taste and nutritional qualities after citrus. The total effect on the body:

• pectin elements that are in the composition of the berries, a positive effect on the intestinal microflora and have a fastening effect;
• high iron content is helpful for people suffering from anemia;
• if you squeeze the juice from the fruit and mix with 100 grams of water, you get an excellent means for gargling with a cold;
• it is a kind of antidepressant that normalizes the state of the nervous system thanks to monosaccharides;
• the same substance activates the fruitful work of the heart muscle and strengthens the cardiovascular system;
• The iodine contained in the product is an excellent addition to the complex treatment for diseases of the thyroid gland.

Further attention should be paid to the vitamins that the persimmon contains:

• provitamin A - rejuvenates aging skin, improves eyesight, activates reproductive male functions;
• vitamin C - strengthens the immune system, allows you to cope with colds, reduces the fragility of blood vessels;
• vitamin p - normalizes hormonal background, prevents cancer processes, regulates cholesterol levels;
• lemon acid - slows down the aging process, has a bactericidal effect, removes slags and toxins.

This is a unique product for those who want to lose weight. Its feature is low calorie, but high nutritional value. Two or three medium-sized fetuses will be able to satisfy hunger without harming body weight. Nutritional composition of persimmon (100 g):

• caloric 53-60 kcal;
• carbohydrate 16.9 g;
• proteins 0.5 g;
• fat 0 g

Despite the invaluable benefits of this fruit, it is still able to bring the body and some harm. Contraindications for eating persimmon:

• due to its sugar content, it cannot be eaten by diabetic patients;
• limited reception of the product in the postoperative period;
• you should not offer persimmon to children up to 3 years old because of the high tannin content, which can lead to intestinal blockage;
• iodine allergy is a strict contraindication;
• It is better to refuse fruit to women during lactation.

Fruits ripen on trees, which in natural conditions can reach from 10 to 30 m. Externally similar to apple trees. The leaves of the tree are dark green in color, slightly lighter below. In autumn, the leaf plate gets a red tint.

The tree blooms from May to June. Flowers can be of both sexes, as well as hermaphrodites, yellow-white petals. Fruits are berries, the color of which is orange, brown, brownish, red, yellow. Ripe pulp is quite sweet, may have a piquant tartness. It has from 3 to 10 seeds. The weight of one berry is 100-500 grams. The average ripening period is mid or late fall. After frost fruits become tastier.

Several varieties are most popular with gardeners.

The variety has a number of names, for example, "Chocolate" or "Black Apple". Trees can reach a height of 12 meters.The leaves are characterized by an oblong shape, the color is dark green, slightly lighter below.

Ripe fruits are rather large, brown, the flesh resembles a sweet dessert cream, does not knit and does not have bitterness, juicy. Approximate weight - 700-900 g. The name "Chocolate" variety received for a brownish tint.

The tree of this variety can grow up to 4 meters. The vegetation period ranges from 220 to 234 days. The variety has a dioecious form, the tree has only female flowers.

Fruits weighing 130 g get a rounded flat shape. Externally, they are bright orange berries, the color can be even closer to red with a waxy coating. Ripe fruits are burgundy.

The taste of the fruit is sweet, little pits. It is possible to use in the middle of September.

The height of the tree reaches 6 meters. There are also 25-meter samples. Shrub blooms in the rainy season.

Fruits are small, their diameter does not exceed 3 cm. Develop on female specimens. They have a yellow color, but in a fully ripe state the surface turns purple. Can be eaten fresh or dried. African people practice a variety in the production of wine.

Valued and the barrel itself. Its wood is used in the manufacture of furniture; Africans create it with the help of a mussel canoe.

The tree can grow up to 18 meters. Flowering begins in May. The fruits are ready to eat in the first half of October. The mass of berries - 50-80 g. The size refers to the average.

"Meader" has a round slightly flattened shape and a bright orange color with a slight touch. At full ripening pulp is fragrant and fleshy. Taste gives rum bitterness, astringency.

When ripe, the berries are not showered. The yield of a tree at the age of 6 years can reach 20 kg. Differs in high frost resistance.

The tree blooms in June, its growth usually does not exceed 5 meters. The ripened fruits have a pink-orange color and a rounded-elongated shape. Berries are sweet, quite large, can gain a mass of 120 g. The variety belongs to the self-fertile, there are flowers of both sexes.

Maturity is achieved in September - October. Productivity can be up to 100 kg. Fruits every season.

The tree is miniature, usually not higher than 3 meters. Refers to the varietal and samoplodnyh varieties. Plant monoecious. For fruitfulness does not require pollinator, but the variety itself can become a pollinator.

Mature fruits have bright yellow or burgundy color and weight 150 g, some specimens can reach a mass of 180 g. There are few seeds. Rush to the beginning of October.

Trees bear fruit in the second - third year.

All known varieties of persimmon (and there are at least 500) are combined in their qualities into different groups. Usually distinguish the following types of fruit:

• Virginian;
• Caucasian;
• East.

And also a variety called American. It grows in the western United States, can bear fruit in Ukraine. Berries have sizes from 2 to 6 cm in diameter. The composition contains sugar 45%, the fruit has high nutritional properties. The flowers of the tree can be male or female, the plant does not need pollinators. Flowering occurs in June. The initial degree of fruit ripening is formed in September, but it is recommended to hold the virgin berries for a couple of weeks in a dark room to achieve full-fledged ripeness.

Advantages of virgin variety:

• undemanding to soil type;
• resistant to the occurrence of groundwater;
• it is picky to humidity of air and soil.

The species is considered to be frost-resistant, and therefore it can be grown in the garden without using a covering material in winter. However, the temperature should not fall below –35 degrees, the virgin tree will not tolerate long-term cold either. Another requirement - the site is well lit by the sun.

On the basis of the virgin variety, the following varieties are bred:

• "Mider";
• "Russian";
• “Nikitsky burgundy”;
• "John Rick";
• "Weber".

The main habitat is subtropics from Spain to Japan. Known more under the name "ordinary". In the gorges and mountain forests of the Caucasus grows wild species.

Differs in small fruits, in color closer to black, their diameter does not exceed 2.5 cm, weight - up to 20 g. Rather resemble grapes or cherries. The taste of berries is astringent.

Female flowers are white and green in color, the color of male specimens is red and yellow. Bloom in late spring. Advantages of the variety:

• the product is rich in sugars and vitamins;
• quite drought resistant;
• undemanding to the soil.

Of the minuses worth noting weak frost. The maximum temperature threshold is 25 degrees below zero.

Another name is the Japanese variety. Trees are quite small - up to 10 meters. Bloom in late spring or early summer, the flowers can be female, male and bisexual. Usually monoecious cultures, but there are also dioecious samples.

Fruits are yellowish to red-orange in color. The taste is determined by the variety, more often it is still tart, even in a ripe state. You can come across berries without seeds. Fruits of the eastern variety are considered the largest, the mass of individual specimens may exceed half a kilogram.

Pluses of the variety:

• high yield - up to 500 kg from one tree;
• giant fruits;
• seeds are quite large, which causes discomfort when used.

The most famous varieties belonging to the eastern group:

• "King";
• "Sharon";
• "Bull's heart";
• "Star";
• "Find".

In addition to the listed sections, it is possible to combine varieties relatively in accordance with the aging period:

• early - harvesting is possible in early October ("Weber", "Ukrainka", "Mider");
• medium - fully berries ripen in the first days of November ("Kuro-Kum", "Sputnik", "Tanenashi");
• later ones - you can not harvest before December (“Kostat”, “Hachia”, “Zvezdochka”).

As well as for planting in the Russian climate, gardeners often recommend varieties such as Rossiyanka, Gora Gora, Roman Kosh Gora, virgin varieties.

An important aspect for cultivation is the need for pollination. In accordance with this property, varieties can be classified into the following groups:

• varieties that need pollination - "Tiedimon", "Maru";
• bear fruit without pollination - “Kostat”, “Tamopan Big”;
• transitional - "Nikitsky maroon", "Rossiyanka", "Giro".

Experienced agronomists recommend guided certain rules for growing this exotic fruit.

• It is necessary to prepare the ground. Suitable alluvial loamy or sandy land. Groundwater should flow at a level not higher than 0.75 m from the site, since the root system of the culture is in a layer up to 0.5 m.
• On average, a crop requires at least 25 m2 of area for nutrition, and short-lived fruit, such as peaches, can be planted on the site.
• It is necessary to protect the site from the wind.
• It is necessary to take care of proper watering in advance, but overdosing can provoke excessive development of the stems to the detriment of the active growth of the fruits, which, as a rule, will begin to fall off.

If the fruit was unripe, you can use the following tips:

• if an unripe berry is put into the freezer, then after defrosting its taste will become much better;
• You can leave the fruit in warm water for 12 hours;
• Another method is to put unripe fruits in a package with apples, thus ripening will accelerate.

According to reviews of garden and garden lovers, such varieties as “Goverla Mountain”, “Roman-Kosh Mountain”, “Nikitskaya Burgundy”, “Rossiyanka” are better not to choose for planting in the Moscow region and areas with similar weather conditions.These trees are completely frozen out due to poor winter hardiness and a long growing season.

Thus, it is not so easy to grow this exotic berry in the Russian context, and the choice of the variety plays an important component. But even if the variety is selected in accordance with the climatic conditions of the region, tasty and juicy fruits will have to wait more than one year.

Review the best varieties of persimmon, see below.