Pear "Chizhovskaya": complete characterization, planting and care

Today it is quite difficult to meet an orchard, in which there will be no tree like a pear.There were quite a lot of varieties of this delicacy, but the result of domestic selection - the pear “Chizhovskaya” deserves special attention.

According to many scientists, the ancient Greeks began to grow pears. And since the popularity of this seasonal fruit has been preserved even now, breeders and gardeners today offer a huge selection of its varieties. Hybrid "Chizhovskaya" rightfully occupies a leading position in the crop market, as it is remarkable for its excellent fruiting and high taste in comparison with other varieties. However, all the benefits of culture can be fully disclosed only with strict observance of the requirements relating to agricultural technology.

Pear hybrid was bred by crossing the varieties “Olga” and “Forest Beauty” at the Moscow Agricultural Academy. Timiryazev. Chizhovskaya borrowed disease resistance, early terms of fruiting and good keeping quality of its mother plants. In addition, self-fertility and high yield of an adult tree. According to the full characteristics of the culture, hybrid is recommended for cultivation in the Central, Middle Volga and North-West regions.

Height of an adult pear reaches about 2.5 meters. However, the size of the tree can vary depending on climatic conditions and the planting of the seedling. The young plant has a rather narrow crown with an average density of green mass. But in the phase when the culture begins to bear fruit, its crown is modified and takes the form of a cone. Bark of a pear has a dark green shade, in the lower part of a branch at a tree are absent. Skeletal branches are located in a vertical inclined state.

Pear shoots have a slightly curved shape, round in cross section. The foliage on the tree is slightly elongated with a serrated edge. In the center of each sheet there are veins. The buds of the Chizhovskaya pear grow in the shape of a brown cone. The tree blossoms in spring with white buds, inflorescences include from 5 to 7 flowers.

The fruit, unlike the Lada variety, ripens in the usual pear-shaped form, the weight of one fruit is about 150 grams. The rind of a pear is opaque, average density. Ripe pears have a yellow-green color, some fruits have a pink spot. Inside the pear the seeds ripen in a small amount, usually in one fruit from 5 to 10 pieces.

The flesh of the fruit is white, sometimes - light yellow, juiciness is on average. As for taste, the Chizhovskaya pear is sweet and sour with an unobtrusive aroma. Fruits contain 16.5% of dry matter. 13.1% of soluble trace elements. The sugar content is within 9%.

The plant will begin to bear fruit in 2-4 years after planting on the site. A distinctive feature of the variety is the inclination of the fruit to ripen. Hybrid tolerates negative temperatures.

Pear "Chizhovskaya" has immunity to scab, due to which it is more popular among the other pear trees.

For the fullest description of the variety, it is necessary to dwell on the advantages of culture:

• pear remarkable for high yields;
• after harvesting, fruits do not spoil for quite a long time, therefore the variety belongs to transportable;
• precocity and cold resistance determine the popularity of the hybrid;
• pears are distinguished by their presentation and good taste;
• resistance to the most common disease - scab makes culture in demand.

In addition to the positive qualities, the hybrid has some drawbacks:

• in the process of aging, pear trees become smaller;
• the grade requires abundant watering to maximally eliminate the drying out of the soil.

However, with the shortcomings of "Chizhovskaya" with competent agricultural techniques, you can quite easily cope.In the first case, the grinding of fruits occurs due to a deficiency of nutrients, since in the process of growth most of them are spent on increasing the total vegetative mass of the culture. To make pear reduction uncritical, the plant should be fertilized regularly.

The place for planting pear seedlings is a fundamental factor, which largely depends on its normal development and future harvest. For a hybrid, acidity is considered an important soil parameter. It is best that the site is dominated by slightly acidic soil, in order to normalize the pH, the ground must be lime. The soil with a high level of lime is treated with superphosphate or potassium salt. Peat and sand are introduced into the clayey black soil to provide the earth with the necessary looseness, which will promote good aeration.

All preparatory measures concerning the site and the soil should be carried out several months before planting the crop.

The variety "Chizhovsky" is considered a heat-loving tree, therefore the place for a pear needs good access of sunlight, besides, the plant should be protected from drafts and cold wind in the winter period. Preference is flat terrain without passing subterranean waters.

The best time for rooting seedling will be spring or autumn. Experienced gardeners rather successfully planted pears in October. However, for the northern regions you should choose the spring month for planting. It is best to carry out the work in the first weeks of May, at this time the soil is already sufficiently warmed to the required depth.

An important task is the selection of seedlings. Trees that are not older than three years survive well, as for older crops, when they are dug out, the roots are often damaged. It is noted that this variety tolerates transfer to a new place rather poorly, this applies to adult cultures.

Externally, the pear should not have damage to the bark on the trunk, and a healthy root system can not contain various growths. The top of the seedling should be mature.

The hole for the pear should be dug in advance. The correct solution would be to prepare it about a month before the planned landing date. Work on the pit involves the following activities:

• the size of the landing hole for a pear should be at least 70 centimeters wide with a depth on the order of one meter;
• about 25 kilograms of humus, a bucket of sand, 200 grams of potassium and 1.5 kilograms of superphosphate are placed in the recess, all this is pre-mixed with the soil;
• A support for a young culture is established on the south side, its height should be about 1 meter.

Phased pear planting technology is described below.

• At the bottom of the pit of the earth it is necessary to form a small hill. If any damage is observed on the root system, they should be cut off.
• The roots of the pear are dipped into a small talker, which consists of earth, clay, water, and mullein. After that, the root system is placed on the mound, avoiding various creases of the roots.
• Next, you need to evenly cover the roots with earth, while performing watering at the same time. Work continues until the root neck of the seedling is 5 centimeters above the ground.
• The soil is well compacted around the tree, after which it is tied to a support. A small elevation forms from the ground around the planted pear; about two buckets of water are poured into the formed hole. After the water is gone, the culture is mulched.

In the south, pears are planted in Chizhovskaya in October and November. Autumn planting of seedlings does not require preliminary preparation of the hole under the tree. In this case, the planting pit is already being dug immediately before rooting of the seedling. In the autumn landing at the bottom of the pit fall asleep humus and ash.After that, the works are carried out in a similar way as the planting of a tree in spring.

Despite the fact that the hybrid belongs to partially pollinated crops, experienced gardeners still advise planting other varieties of pears for pollination nearby. Best of all, if the neighbors of "Chizhovskaya" become the "Severyanka" variety, which is perfectly rooted in the Moscow region, or "Rogneda". These plants are mutually polluting, so their joint growth at one site will contribute to a good yield of each crop.

Agrotechnical measures after planting pears "Chizhovskaya" include a number of mandatory works.

Watering is the first priority of the entire complex. As mentioned earlier, the hybrid reacts negatively to a lack of moisture. Therefore, within a month after the rooting of the seedling at the site, the soil should be moistened once a week. After this period, the grower can switch to watering the plant three times a season.

Top-dressing with nutritional formulas will help to achieve pear yield.

The introduction of fertilizers is carried out according to the scheme described below.

• Primary fertilizer will need a hybrid in its flowering phase. During this period, you need to focus on nitrogen-containing compounds. Feeding can be prepared independently. A fairly effective solution will be saltpeter diluted in water in proportions of 1:50. Watering with fertilizer should be carried out evenly around the entire stem of the plant. The optimal amount will be 30 grams of substance per 1m2. As an alternative to the latter, urea can be used. It is diluted in a ratio of 80 grams / 5 liters of water.
• At the end of the flowering time of the pear, it is necessary to fertilize the soil with nitroammofoska. In this case, about 200 pounds of a substance are diluted in 200 liters of water. For one plant you will need 3 buckets of this nutrient solution.
• Another stage of pear fertilization falls at the end of June, at which time it is necessary to use nitrogen again.
• With the arrival of autumn should gradually prepare the tree for the winter, for this it is necessary to focus on minerals. An effective mixture for autumn fertilizer will be a set of the following ingredients: 2 tablespoons of superphosphate, 1 spoon of potassium, 10 liters of purified water.

Another important step concerning the care of the Chizhovskaya variety is cutting wood. It is necessary for the proper development of the crown of the plant, as well as ensuring unhindered access of sunlight to the green mass of the culture. The formation of the appearance of the pear can be performed both in autumn and spring. In the autumn months, sanitary molding culture is carried out.

In the summer, pruning is not recommended, because during this period the plant accumulates a supply of useful components in its branches. And their removal will entail the loss of these substances. In winter, the ban on pruning branches is due to negative air temperatures at which fresh cut points cannot regenerate and recover.

On a spring day, it is possible to start forming the plant when the average daily temperature is around the thermometer mark + 8C. The works consist in cutting branches that are parallel to the trunk, which grow at a right angle inward to the crown. Based on the thickness of the branches, to remove them, you can use a saw, scissors or shears.

With the arrival of autumn pear will be necessary sanitary pruning. At this time, remove the old, dry and diseased branches on the tree. These works need time to do before the onset of the first frost.

If there are damaged places on the pear, they are treated with a special compound. It is prepared according to the following recipe: a glass of wax, a glass of grease and 50 grams of pine resin is heated on the fire until completely dissolved.

In addition to pruning branches, in spring and autumn it is time to whitewash the pear tree. In the summer, such treatment is needed to protect the trunk from burns, whitewashing in the fall will reduce the risk of rodent attack, and in the winter - protect it from frost. Composition for work is available in any store, in addition, it is quite easy to do it yourself. The optimal ratio of ingredients will be 2 kilograms of lime, the same amount of clay, which dissolve in 10 liters of water. It is necessary to whiten the trunk from the ground itself to the lower branches in height.

Care activities also include the removal of weeds from the tree circle. In spring, the grass grown there is a very favorable breeding ground for aphids. Therefore, timely removal of weeds will help to prevent the spread of pests on the tree, where they rather actively feed the sap of the plant. For young trees, aphids are a fairly serious danger, but regular weeding will help avoid such situations.

For pears, preparation for wintering is of great importance, despite the fact that the Chizhovskaya variety is distinguished by good frost resistance. To protect the plant, you need shelter. Typically, such work falls on October, and they are in the shelter of the tree trunk circle with vegetables from the top, which is sprinkled with soil on top. The similar pillow perfectly copes with protection of root system against snow and frosts.

Timely detection of diseases can be on their characteristic features, the description of which is presented below.

• Root cancer formed at the root system and in areas of vaccinations. In this case, neoplasms are formed on the neck, which are quite actively increasing in size and becoming hard. Young seedlings infected with cancer, stop in development. For the treatment of the disease, these areas should be treated with copper sulfate, and the resulting wound should be smeared with garden decoction.

• Rust It appears bright characteristic spots on the green mass. As a result of the disease, the tree's overall resistance decreases, and therefore, as a rule, other diseases are also added to rust. Treating a tree is possible by collecting and burning infected, fallen leaves. In addition, the pear is sprayed with colloidal sulfur.

• Rot primarily affects the fruit of the tree. Pears with signs of decomposition need to be removed, and the culture is sprayed with chlorine copper or Bordeaux mixture.

• Cytosporosis appears on the trunk of a tree - brown spots appear on it. In addition, signs of the disease can be found on old branches. Without timely treatment, the bark will go cracked, so you need to clean the stains, and then carry out a disinfecting treatment with blue vitriol, and heal the wounds on the tree with garden putty.

There are cases when a plant gets sick with other viruses or infections, but this happens extremely rarely in the Chizhovskaya hybrid.

In addition to diseases, pear attacks a fairly large list of pests. Among them, the special activity is distinguished by the leaf-worm, the apple flower beetle, the ringed silkworm, the bekarka, and others. The last insect destroys the fruit ovaries, in addition, it feeds on foliage. To destroy a pest, insecticides need a wide range of applications.

Among gardeners, the most effective store staff "Enzio". The flower eats the buds of the trees, the sap from the leaves. Since the beetle destroys them from the inside, they lose the ability to develop further, therefore they simply fall off.

To combat the ringed silkworm, which suffers from tree foliage, the drug "Rogor" is needed.In addition, you need to find a clutch pest and destroy it. Caterpillars are the most serious pests for pears. They eat the kidneys from the leaves, which, in turn, fold and dry. The sheetworm twists them with its web. You can destroy it tincture of tobacco or tobacco. The mite feeds on juice, and prefers to winter in fallen leaves, so it is very important to remove fallen branches and leaves from the site in the fall and burn them.

Harvesting "Chizhovskaya" pears can be carried out by the end of August. Work can be carried out in stages, since ripe pears do not tend to fall from the branches. It is recommended to store fruits in a room with a temperature of not more than + 4C and humidity at the level of 90%. Pears will be suitable for consumption for about 150 days. It is better to store pears in boxes with good air circulation. Each fruit can be wrapped in paper or poured with sand, which will increase their keeping quality.

With regard to planting young seedlings "Chizhovskaya" there are recommendations related to the region of the planned cultivation. Thus, in the northern regions (in Siberia) or in the middle lane, it is best to plant a tree in the spring, since the culture will have enough time for adaptation and development before the onset of a harsh winter. The best month for work will be April.

According to experienced gardeners and professional gardeners, the Chizhovskaya pear variety is a crop that in practice proves its high yield. On average, about 60 kilograms of fruit are usually harvested from one adult tree.

In addition, reviews of the hybrid on the positive side characterize the appearance of the fruit, organoleptic qualities and keeping quality of the pear. Due to their transportability, this variety is preferred to be cultivated for the subsequent sale of the harvest.

In addition to the high qualities of the Chizhovskaya fruit, the culture is distinguished by its resistance to frost, precociousness and unpretentiousness of agrotechnology, so that it is successfully grown in the northern regions of Russia.

Review pears "Chizhovskaya" see the following video.