Pyrethrum - Persian "chamomile"

Pyrethrum - "Persian Chamomile", a plant known to many flower growers. Even a beginner amateur can plant it in a garden plot, it is unpretentious and requires minimal maintenance, and it blooms long and beautifully. To date, about a hundred varieties have been bred, among which can be found both modest white daisies and spectacular red flowers.

Each type of feverfew has its own distinctive features. But there are common features inherent in the whole mind.

Most members of the family are herbaceous perennials that densely fill a flowerbed or piece of land, forming flower bushes. The height of the stem can be quite high - from 30 centimeters to one meter. Stem is strong, erect, ascending, branched or lowered, from light green to dark green. On the base it is covered with leaves, which are long and wide at the root, and closer to the inflorescence - small and narrow. On a stalk leaves settle down in the next order.

The leaf shape is complex, pinnate, that is, consists of a different number of narrow segments. There is a binary, ternary and multiple section.

The inflorescences themselves may be small, like those of a field chamomile (3-5 cm in diameter), and rather large (from 5 to 8 cm). We should also highlight the large-flowered varieties, where the diameter of the circle formed by the leaves can exceed 8 centimeters.

The hearts of the flowers are convex, flat or with a small depression in the center, dense, have a bright yellow, light yellow or yellow-green color.

Inflorescence in splendor may resemble chrysanthemums, gerberas and asters. Tongue shaped petals vary in color, from white to deep red. The tip of the tongue is round or sharp, length from a few millimeters to several centimeters, depending on the variety. Also, the variety determines the flowering time of pyrethrum - the period from the end of spring to the end of summer.

Despite the huge number of varieties of daisies, in the CIS only 50 with a small number are distributed, among which about a dozen are popular in the Russian climate. These are the most resistant to coolness, rainfall and lack of sunlight.

This is a Mediterranean or Caucasian distant relative of the familiar field chamomile. In appearance, it is very similar to chamomile pharmacy: white-silver or milk-white petals, yellow heart, straight stalk with pinnately dissected leaves. But the flowers are much larger. High stems up to 60 cm form lush bushes that adorn front gardens and flower beds, and are suitable for cutting.

With proper care after cutting, flowers can stand for up to several weeks. To do this, you need to change the water every few days and update the clogged slice on the stem. The cut should be oblique so that it does not fit snugly to the bottom and walls of the water tank, and the flower can “drink”.

At a temperature of 15 to 24 degrees, the first shoots will appear within two weeks, then they need to be allowed to get stronger, and only then to be planted in open ground.

In the first year the plant does not bloom. In open ground, it will only give leaves no higher than 20-30 centimeters. After wintering, in the second year, flowers will appear, moreover, in different varieties at different times. Pyrethrum vulgaris will bloom in May and June, and with good sub-feed, it may again please the grower in July-August.

Got its name for the gentle, neat appearance and medicinal properties in the treatment of female diseases.

This is one of the most beautiful and unusual varieties of feverfew.The bushes are rather low - up to 50 cm, erect, with branching in the upper part and dense foliage, covered with small heads of flowers. Inflorescences are lush, surrounded by one or two rows of short petals along the edge of the lush core, similar to pompon chrysanthemum. Their diameter is quite small - 2-3 centimeters.

The core does not have the usual look and color. It resembles a ball of tubular petals cut in half tightly pressed against each other.

Due to its original look, pyrethrum girlish looks beautiful in bouquets with larger flowers, in lush bouquets with chrysanthemums and by itself. In a flower bed in the garden, he will be pleasing to the eye for 4-5 weeks in the middle of summer, and in a vase he will stand for up to 3 weeks.

A distinctive feature of girlish chamomile is a delicate delicate aroma of inflorescences.

The name "pyrethrum ash-leaved" is also found. This is a plant that is often confused with common chamomile because of its similar appearance.

In contrast to the usual appearance of the “fortune-telling" flower, Dalmatian chamomile has a brighter and larger core and shortened leaves in two rows. The inflorescence basket is located at the top of the ribbed stems. Stems and leaves are bright green or gray-green, as if powdered. The bottom edge is covered with a thick layer of ash-green hairs; the leaves themselves are segmented, as in all members of the family.

Dalmatian daisy is unpretentious, it can be sown in early spring immediately in fertilized soil. In the first two years, the foliage and stems germinate, then the perennial begins to bloom.

Pyrethrum Dalmatian has a specific smell, which often irritates the mucous membrane and causes sneezing.

Also known as Caucasian feverfew and pink chamomile. In fact, these are two different types, but the identity of their properties and botanical features makes them difficult to distinguish from each other.

Both plants - perennials with branched rhizome, from which grow a few direct stems. Along the entire length of the stems are rare, alternate, deeply dissected leaves. At the top are large baskets of inflorescences, consisting of bright reed petals and yellow tubular.

The color of the petals can be changeable in different years. Plants bloom for 2-3 years from June to July.

Popularly known as tansy. Grown not for the sake of beauty, but because of the medicinal properties. In appearance, it resembles the hearts of daisies without petals. The shrubs are tall, branched, abundantly dotted with dark green leaves.

The pyrethrum of this variety are giants. They are distinguished by a large height - about 70-80 cm, bright scarlet color of the basket, a straight stalk with a small amount of leaves. Bloom large bright baskets of rich color. All this makes the Robinson Giant Red flowers similar to gerberas.

Large pyrethrum planted in flower beds, flower beds and rabatki, cut to add to the bouquets. Admire this beauty from mid-June to late July.

Plant up to 50 cm high. Small erect stems with a small amount of leaves are crowned with a fairly large chamomile flower with a yellow-green heart and one row of white reed flowers. The shape can be needle-shaped or with a slight linear limb.

Pyrethrum differ in a rich spectrum of shades in which flowers are painted.

On the garden plots and flower beds there is a white, ash-leaved, pale lilac, pink, burgundy chamomile. Like a dahlia, it is possible to mix different colors on one flower, and pigment changes with each new bloom. This is not a dramatic change, the white flower will not bloom red, but the color may vary from less saturated to more saturated and vice versa.

In addition to the beautiful appearance, the plant has a number of useful properties in different areas.

First of all, the plant is valued for its medicinal qualities. At the same time, there are not only recipes of traditional medicine, but also medical preparations produced in laboratories. From different parts of this chamomile receive:

• Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic drugs. In their effects, tinctures and decoctions of the leaves are similar to the effect of aspirin. " They can be used both inside with colds and inflammatory processes in order to bring down the high temperature and disinfect the body, and externally. When applied topically, the drug acts as an antiseptic on wounds and skin damage.
• Antifungal. Pyrethrum is the strongest migraine cure. Its action is based on the presence in the leaf pulp of a substance that blocks the cause of a painful attack - parthenolide. It eliminates not the symptoms, but the problem itself that causes migraines. Parthenolide suspends the production of serotonin, the excess of which in brain cells is the source of pain attacks.

• Painkillers. Chamomile plant foliage contains inhibitor substances that stop the action of substances that cause pain in the body. Its antibacterial properties are based on the same principle.
• Antithrombosis. Pyrethrum-based medications are able to deal with such a common problem among women and men as the formation of blood clots in the veins. Especially it is shown to those who spend a lot of time in a sitting position and pinch vessels. You can take drugs with the existing problems and for prevention, but only after consulting a doctor.
• Antirheumatic. Feverfew is often found in creams, ointments and oral preparations due to its analgesic properties. It costs an order of magnitude less than the advertised means that relieve pain during an exacerbation, and it solves the problem at a deeper level.

• Hypertonic. In combination with other components, it regulates blood pressure, preventing the development of hypertension.
• Anti-allergic. Feverfew accelerates the treatment of various rashes, dermatitis, psoriasis and allergic reactions. Effective in the form of ready-made tablets and decoctions of the leaves of the plant.
• Medicines for female diseases. No wonder among the varieties of chamomile found "feverfew girl". It effectively relieves the pain of smooth muscle muscles, restores the regular cycle, is suitable for the prevention of these problems.

Not done without feverfew in the beauty industry. This natural ingredient works great in folk recipes and as part of face creams. It effectively combats such problems as inflammation, redness, uneven skin tone, early wrinkles.

Shows the use of pyrethrum owners problem skin and acne prone skin.

Also pyrethrum extract soothes too sensitive skin and soothes irritation. This property makes it a necessary component not only in the composition of the female care products, but also in the composition of the men's aftershave lotions.

Feverfew has become widespread as natural insecticides. Its antiparasitic properties are explained by the presence of a substance called pyrethrin in the composition. It is poisonous to most pests, but safe for humans and animals. The highest concentration of peritrin is found in the leaves of Dalmatian chamomile, pink chamomile and Persian chamomile.

Anti-insect preparations are made from dried pyrethrum inflorescences. The powder must be diluted in water and the earth should be poured with a solution in the beds of vegetables.Also, the plant will protect the crop from pests, if it is simply planted around the perimeter.

Pyrethrum - perennial plants. They are unpretentious in the care, well endured winter cold, bloom for several years in a row. But in order for the plant to be pleased with its beauty, it must be properly planted.

For most varieties suitable preliminary cultivation of seedlings from seeds in a protected ground.

This is done as follows.

• Seed selection. This stage is important, as high-quality seeds produce good seedlings, and of low-quality seeds, nothing can germinate at all.
• Planting seeds in the ground. To do this, you can use wooden boxes or other containers that cover the film to create the greenhouse effect. Seeds are planted in March-April.
• Sprout care. When the first shoots hatch, they must be kept warm, watered, stored in a place accessible to sunlight. In greenhouse conditions at 15-24 degrees, they will get stronger, and then you can plant in open ground. Fertilizing the soil is not necessary, the plant will take root and so.

If there is no time and desire to mess with the germination of seeds in protected ground - do not worry. Pyrethrum can be planted immediately on a flower bed. With this method of breeding flowers, they will retain their germination for 3-4 years.

It is possible to plant seeds in open ground in March-April, in light soil. The place should not be damp and shady, otherwise the plant will not be thick and bright, but will stretch in search of sunlight and fade.

Sow seeds should be in shallow holes at a distance of 2-3 centimeters. When the seedlings germinate, it is important not to overdry them and not water too often.

To do this, they need to be sown in a container with a lid (suitable food containers with thin walls or boxes from under the cakes), prikopat in the garden and sprinkle with leaves. During the winter they will get stronger, and in the spring, in March, they need to be dug out and put on the windowsill for germination.

Pyrethrum - a plant for those who have little time to care for the garden. It is enough to plant it in a sunny place or in partial shade, into the soil that easily passes water, and beautiful flower bushes are provided by the middle of summer.

Excellent symbiosis form pyrethrum with vegetables. If you plant them along the beds, they will provide reliable protection from pests: from fleas, midges, caterpillars, bedbugs, cockroaches and other parasites.

Pyrethrum loves to grow freely, so it is recommended to keep a distance of several centimeters when planting seedlings or seeds.

During seed germination and flowering, the plant does not require additional nutrition. All it takes is from the soil and water. But closer to the fall, when flowering has ended, dry baskets need to be cut, and the remaining vegetation to feed complex fertilizer.

Powder from the store will easily replace the home recipe. The three-day infusion of weeds copes well with its task. If you water it with pyrethrum roots, it will get stronger, become healthier, and can bloom again. However, do not do this if the variety of the flower is rare. Due to re-flowering, it will not have time to prepare for winter and will die in the cold.

In the matter of humidity, it is important to find a balance. Pyrethrum does not like too dry and swampy soil. In addition, pathogenic bacteria can multiply in an overly moist earth that will spoil the root system of a plant. The flower will simply rot.

With insufficient watering in drought, pyrethrum becomes shallow, grows poorly, loses its color. The flowers quickly fall off, because the plant does not have enough water for all parts.After that, the flower will "hibernate" until the next spring and does not bloom again, and rare varieties die at all.

After the first years of life, pyrethrum begin to bloom very early - in May. By the middle of summer, when the inflorescences fall, the plant begins to abound in withered foliage and flowers. This is not only not aesthetically pleasing, but also causes inconvenience to him, so the feverfew should be mowed.

All dry, broken branches, withered foliage and loose flower heads should be carefully treated with a pruning shears, and then fertilized with a solution. This will cause the plant to re-bloom at the end of summer.

Beautiful flowers - one of the main elements of landscape design. Without them, it is difficult to create a full-fledged composition, because green plants are only the background, and flowers add brightness and style. With the help of them, you can link together all the living components of the garden, natural materials, various furnishings.

Pyrethrum meet all the criteria for the selection of flowers for landscape design:

• Perennials. This is not a prerequisite when choosing flowers for a garden composition, but it has its advantages. For three or four years, she will have a foundation that does not need to be re-cultivated every spring, and can be beaten in a new way from season to season.
• Persistence. Duration of flowering of daisy flowers can be called a record. In comparison with peonies that fall literally within a week, feverfews bloom for more than a month.
• Expressiveness. A rich palette of shades, in which the petals of inflorescences are painted, makes this plant a bright, noticeable, “speaking” element in the design of the garden plot. At the same time, its beauty remains modest and elegant.

• Simplicity. Pyrethrum is not one of those flowers that require daily care. It is enough to water them and occasionally cut off dried leaves or stems.
• Pest protection. The plant will save its neighbors, not naturally endowed with substances that repel pests;
• A large number of species and varieties. There are so many of them that the design of the landscape can be thought out using only feverfews. At the same time, they bloom and bloom at different times, and during the summer the bright lights of the inflorescences will flash alternately in different parts of the garden.
• Another plus of species diversity is that they differ in height and diameter of inflorescencesthat allows you to create multi-level compositions.
• Compatibility of varieties among themselves and with other colors. Chamomile plants are complementary to each other and to different varieties of flowers, be it even more modest specimens, or noble roses.

For how to use insect repellent in the garden and at home, see the video.