Features planting spring garlic in the open ground

Spring varieties of garlic are not as famous as winter crops, but they are the sweetest and most juicy. Not too sharp fruits with a spicy aroma are planted in spring. They do not require special skills for planting, are quite unpretentious in care and can be stored for a long time.

Novice gardeners can unknowingly confuse winter (winter) garlic and spring (summer), but there is a significant difference between them. Let us dwell on the differences of these varieties in more detail.

• Spring garlic has a large number of small cloves, which are arranged spirally, and the closer the cloves are to the center, the smaller they are. Accordingly, the largest ones are located at the edges, and it is recommended to use them as a seed material. The heads of winter garlic are larger, it has a hard rod in the center and produces a rather strong arrow.

• Spring garlic is planted in the spring, and winter garlic - in the autumn, while the ripening of the winter variety occurs a month earlier than the spring one.
• Spring garlic is propagated strictly by the teeth, but for the cultivation of winter varieties of garlic you can use aerial onions - bulbs (bulbs).
• The harvest obtained from winter garlic is much higher than from spring.
• Spring garlic is stored for quite a long time - it does not change its appearance and consumer characteristics until the next season, and under favorable conditions it can retain its flavor and appearance for up to 2 years. Winter crops are recommended to be eaten immediately. Since the variety has a poor keeping quality, they are not stored for more than 3 months. That is why it is often purchased for autumn canning.
• Winter garlic produces an arrow, but spring does not (except for the variety Gulliver).
• The taste of spring garlic is much richer and more savory than that of winter.

Winter varieties of garlic are planted in autumn, winter, and spring - in spring. More accurate dates largely depend on the climatic characteristics of the region.

If planting is done before winter, then it must be borne in mind that by the beginning of frost, the teeth must have time to form a strong root system. For this, seedlings take about 3-4 weeks, respectively, all sowing should be carried out no later than a month before the predicted cooling. For the central zone of Russia, this period falls on the last decade of September - the beginning of October.

For the southern regions, in the Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories, it is possible to plant garlic a little earlier, and in Siberia and the Urals, on the contrary, the sowing campaign should be moved by 2-3 weeks - garlic should be planted here in June.

Keep in mind that if you plant the garlic too early, the garlic can go to growth. Of course, he will not die, but the plant will greatly weaken and will not be able to give a full harvest.

If the planting is delayed, the garlic may not have time to ripen before the onset of the first frost - the resulting crop can be used for culinary purposes, but unripe fruits are not suitable for sowing material.

Planting materials for the cultivation of garlic require special training. Simply placing the teeth in the open ground will not be enough - so that all the seed will come up, the seedlings should be treated in a certain way, only in this case you can count on getting a good abundant harvest.

The preparatory work includes three main stages.

To start the teeth should be sorted. To do this, remove all slices with pronounced defects - cracks and dents. Do not use too small teeth or irregularly shaped material.

The disinfection of garlic cloves shortly before planting will be a good prevention of diseases of onion crops. To do this, 400-500 g of wood ash is poured over with 2 liters of water, then boiled and cooled for 30 minutes. In the prepared composition is placed seed of garlic and incubated in it for 1.5-2 hours.

This is not the only option for seed disinfection - many soak slices in a light pink solution of potassium permanganate or in finished fungicide preparations, such as "Maxim" or "Fundazol." In this case, the processing will take 20-35 minutes.

In order to ensure the viability of seedlings, and get the harvest as early as possible, many experienced gardeners recommend growing the slices before planting. Make it quite simple - you just need to soak them in water, slightly tinted copper sulphate for a couple of hours. After that, the material is placed in a damp gauze or canvas, and wrapped on top with plastic wrap and left to germinate at room temperature. For the full emergence of the first shoots, just a few days is enough.

Another way to awaken the seed material is to soak it for 2-3 minutes in a solution of ordinary table salt, diluted at the rate of 1 tbsp. l on 1 liter of water.

Seed preparation for planting does not require much effort and money. It will take you only a few minutes to prepare the seed treatments. However, in the future it will bring you a good harvest, strong and dense heads of juicy and spicy garlic.

Garlic is usually planted with lobules, although this method has its drawbacks, since in this case at least a quarter of the harvest is spent on updating the seed material, and besides, with prolonged reproduction, garlic gradually degenerates and shallows.

To avoid this, experts recommend the use of planting bulbs - this seed material can be obtained in abundance, even with several bushes, since up to 100 bulchocks are formed in each plant. At the same time, the yield of this method is high - 1.5-2 kg of garlic can be obtained from each square meter.

Garlic can not be called unpretentious culture - it is extremely capricious in all that relates to soil types and soil composition. The vegetable grows best on chernozem and loamy lands, while the acidity of the soil must be neutral, and the place itself must be warm and well lit.

The culture responds well to the observance of crop rotation, since this plant has a weak immunity to garden pests and fungal diseases, the causative agents of which can live for several years in the soil. If you plant garlic several times at the same place, the risk of developing diseases of the vegetable and the death of the whole plant increases many times. The same applies to the situation when garlic is planted after onions, tomatoes and potatoes, since all these plants are prone to the same infections.

To obtain a good harvest, garlic is not recommended to be planted in one area more than three times. The best precursors for culture are legumes, cabbage and cereals.

Preliminary sowing of a site for onion crops with them allows enriching the soil with ethers and phytoncides, which have a detrimental effect on the main pests of garden garlic - stem nematodes. In this case, the plant grows quite large and for a long time is not subjected to putrefactive processes. These crops are planted at the end of summer, so that the seeds have time to germinate, and the resulting green mass over the winter decomposed and enriched the soil with nitrogen-containing, potassium and phosphorus compounds.

If you plan to plant spring varieties of garlic, the preparation of the site should begin in the fall. First of all, it is necessary to balance the composition of the soil - for this, peat soil is diluted with loam, sandy and clayey, on the contrary, with peat.

The earth must be sated with mineral and organic substances, therefore, in the fall, during plowing and before planting, the following fertilizers are applied (per 1 square meter):

• compost - 1 bucket;
• superphosphate - 1 tbsp. l .;
• nitrophoska - 1 tbsp. l .;
• dolomite flour - 1 tbsp. l

Garden beds form 2 weeks before planting. After that, they are watered with hot water, treated with solutions of potassium permanganate or copper sulfate, and then covered with a film and kept in this form until the planting.

Agronomy garlic planting is quite simple. The following is a step by step guide.

• To begin with form beds with grooves, which should be placed in a step of 20-30 cm relative to each other. In each you need to pour a little biohumus, it does not interfere with the introduction of ashes and finished mineral fertilizers. After that, the bed should be abundantly moistened and left under a small greenhouse for a couple of weeks.
• As soon as the soil absorbs all the moisture, you should start planting. To do this, garlic cloves deepen at a distance of about 3 cm, if you plant them deeper, the cloves will grow much slower. The distance between seedlings should be 4-5 cm for spring crops. Winter crops are planted less frequently, the distance between slices of autumn varieties should be 9-10 cm.
• Seed material is sprinkled with earth and mulched with sawdust, shavings or crushed peat - this is necessary in order to reduce the amount of irrigation required in the future and weed. In addition, mulch allows you to maintain the required level of warming up the earth. Therefore, in the case of unexpectedly returned May frosts, garlic will be reliably protected from freezing.

The plant responds well to irrigation, however, during the period of the formation of fruits, the volume of watering should be reduced, because if excessive moisture occurs, an environment is created in which the young plant is exposed to a variety of bacterial, viral and fungal infections. If the summer was rainy, then it would be wise to cancel watering at all, and two weeks before harvesting, the introduction of moisture is stopped, regardless of weather conditions.

Garlic needs nutrients, so gardeners should regularly feed. Young shoots are recommended to pour ammonia solution or infusion of ash. Every 10 days, the earth must be watered with a solution of phosphate and potash fertilizers.

At the beginning of the growing season, many gardeners contribute a mullein infusion, for this, 1 kg of manure is bred in a bucket of water and insisted for several days.The result of fermentation is once again filled with water, so that 10 liters of water are needed per 1 liter of the resulting composition.

The latest dressing is prepared by mixing 25 mm of ammonia in a bucket of water. Timely fertilizers of garlic allow the plant to replenish the supply of nutrients in the soil, which are necessary for garlic for the healthy formation of strong heads.

Be sure to make a comprehensive mineral fertilizer at the stage of the beginning of the formation of arrows. At this time, the plant requires urea, which is diluted at the rate of 1 tablespoon per 10 liters. In this case, the resulting composition will be enough to feed 5-6 square meters. m plot of land.

The plant responds well to foliar dressing with ready-made formulations, they are recommended to be carried out in the evening or on a cloudy day, in which case the feathers absorb nutrients better and the growth of the green part is more intensive. However, keep in mind that spraying the aerial parts of plants can only be an addition to root dressings, but not replacing them.

In order to get large fruits, the garlic should be removed in time by the arrows - they can be cut off or broken out, the main thing is to remove the top, which is the germ of the future flower. Keep in mind that in this case the time of ripening will be delayed, but the fruits are formed larger with excellent product characteristics.

For many decades even hundreds of years of growing garlic in our country, a lot of experience has been accumulated and various recommendations have been compiled, following which allows us to grow a healthy plant, increases yields and shortens the period of fruit ripening. To accelerate the growth and development of experienced gardeners advised to conduct a series of manipulations.

Experienced gardeners use a method that can be called shock - scissors or a knife are exactly inserted into the ground exactly under the plant and roots are cut, in which case the fruits become larger, although it is impossible to perform such manipulations without the appropriate skill.

The leaves of a young plant are gently twisted into a knot - in this case, only the underground part of the plant will receive food, respectively, more nutrients enter the garlic, the heads become larger and more dense.

The yeast mass helps to stimulate the growth of garlic crops well, this feeding contributes to the development of a strong root system and to compensate for the acute shortage of nitrogen. To obtain such vitamins, it is necessary to dissolve 1 stick of yeast in 10 liters of warm water, mix, remove for 1-2 days in a warm place, then strain and fertilize the plant.

It is a well-known fact that when the garlic heads are excessively thick, they turn out to be quite small.however, if there is a shortage of free space, then you can go for a little trick - to do this, additional grooves are made between rows, but the depth is set below the main ones by 5-6 cm.

Sometimes when planting winter crops, the following situation arises: the fruits planted in autumn are transferred to another area in the spring. The reasons can be very different, in any case, such actions are undesirable, because damage to the roots of a plant can destroy it entirely.

It is possible to reduce the possible losses if transplantation is carried out with a large earthy clod - in this case, the survival rate in the new place is higher, but the fruits themselves are much smaller.

For tips on growing garlic, see the next video.