Yellow cherry: the rating of the best varieties and the rules of their cultivation

Russian gardeners are now available a variety of berry and fruit plants.But the popularity of yellow cherries is not accidental, and therefore it is worth looking at it as one of the best candidates for the garden. There are a number of features of this plant, and they will have to take into account in any case.

Usually, when it comes to sweet cherries, they expect to see red or burgundy berries. But it was not for nothing that breeders tried to bring varieties that produce yellow fruit. They have several advantages:

• increased yield;
• excellent adaptation to weather conditions;
• juiciness fruits;
• excellent taste;
• minimal risk of allergic reactions when used.

All these advantages are complemented by a still amazing appearance: the plants hung with fruits will decorate the garden. The height of yellow cherry is usually 5-7 m. It is mainly characterized by the spherical structure of the crown, strength and roughness of skeletal branches. Growth is even too active, it has to be delayed by cutting and shaping the sweet cherry. The yellow color of the fruit varies widely: there is a light creamy tonality, and golden (as if made from amber berry).

Positive feedback is received about the yellow cherry of the Chermashnaya variety. To obtain this hybrid, the Leningrad Yellow variety was radically revised. The resulting plant ripen in the same period as the strawberries. The height of the sweet cherry is moderate, most often it is 4-5 m. In this case, the crown has a shape intermediate between oval and rounded.

Skeletal branches show small green foliage, similar in shape to a lancet. The mass of round berries reaches 4.5 gr. The sweetness of the fruit is set off by a subtle sour taste. The separation of the pulp from the bone is very easy and simple.

Fruiting occurs from the third or fourth year of the tree life. At 6–7 years old, “Chermashnaya” produces the most berries. At this point, fruit picking can reach 12 kg. The total mass of the crop will gradually increase, it can reach 25 and even 30 kg per plant. Flowers appear before the leaves bloom. Berry maturity occurs non-uniformly, in several stages.

It is possible to transport Chermashnaya berries without any problems at any distance. It is only necessary to harvest the crop on dry days, as well as pick fruits with tails. In central Russia, the plant feels quite confident. Cherry suffers minor chills easily, it also hardly suffers from coccomycosis, moniliosis and other infections. But even these attractive features do not reduce the attractiveness of other varieties.

Among them it is worth paying attention to the Drogana variety. Its name is given by the name of the German breeder, who first bred a similar plant. It is well suited for central Russia. How exactly (on the basis of which varieties) “Drogana” was brought out - nobody knows. On the branches of this cherry appear medium and large berries.

The mass of fruits can be quite different: there are references to berries from 4.5 to 8 grams. The peel is thin, painted in light yellow color. Under it is the elastic light pulp, containing a lot of juice. To taste "Drogan" refers to the dessert group of sweet cherries.

When growing this variety, remember that harvested fruits are difficult to transport. To separate the bone from the soft mass is quite difficult. These disadvantages are largely justified by very high fertility: the tree can produce more than 100 kg of berries.

Harvest ripen in the last days of June or in early July. Drogan can grow to 5–6 m. In the first years of life, growth is very fast, and the crown is like a pyramid. Then the development slows down and the shape of the top changes. The late appearance of flowers allows almost no fear of the return of cold weather.The plant is able to bear fruit only in the vicinity of the pollinator.

“Homestead” sweet cherry is not inferior to “Drogane”. They took her to the Research Institute of Michurin, taking the Leningrad Red and the Golden Loshitsky as a basis. Since 1998, the early variety has been put into mass circulation, officially it has been zoned for the Black Soil Region. The tree grows quickly and forms a crown with an abundance of foliage. Individual leaves are large, white flowers are grouped by 3 per inflorescence. Fruits reach a large size, it is easy to pull a bone out of them.

When processing the yellow pulp is obtained clear juice. Berries are characterized by a sweet taste, shaded by weak sourness. The crop of "Homestead" sweet cherry is almost completely used immediately after harvest. Canning and freezing fruits, although fairly simple, is rarely used. You can wait for the harvest on the 6th year of the life of a sweet cherry.

In subsequent years, it is maintained at a stable level. Importantly, this variety is devoid of the need for pollinators. And the growth rate is so high that it even sometimes creates a problem. Hardwood and even kidneys tolerate cold returns. The fruits ripen early and are ahead of the moment when pests and pathogenic microbes are particularly active.

The variety of yellow sweet cherry with a red barrel received the name "Amazon". It belongs to the late group and gives a harvest around July 15. Along with the usual woody varieties of cherries, the kolonovidny group of varieties is becoming more widespread. Their popularity among gardeners is due to the simplicity of growing in small spaces and the ease of picking berries. By taste, colony plants are also rated positively.

When selecting seedlings of such cherries, it is recommended to evaluate the condition of the upper bud. Even a slight deformation of it is destructive for wood. With luck, gardeners see low sweet cherries with a straight trunk and skeletal branches of small length. Since the culture is not inclined to grow to the sides, the crown is more like a cylinder. There are few leaves on the tree, but the harvest will delight summer residents.

The appearance of the berries, rather, look like the ears of corn. Special efforts to give the crown a form will not be required. The ovary is formed in the year when the seedling is planted. The largest diameter of the crown - 1 m.

Yellow-pink berry "Aelita" has a rounded shape. The mass of one fruit is 9 or 10 grams. Taste and aroma completely satisfy the majority of consumers. The peel has only a small thickness. The tree at "Aelita" reaches an average height, therefore it is possible to carry out pruning only occasionally.

Pollinators for this variety can be: "Drogana", "Valery Chkalov", "Early Rozovinka", "Ethics".

Although “Leningrad yellow” sweet cherry belongs to the previous generation of varieties, it retains appreciable popularity. Its berries are similar in color to amber, so the spherical crown on a high tree during fruiting is very beautiful. You can get the harvest only in August. The plant is experiencing a good winter and little prone to fruit rot, it does not touch and fruit fly.

Large-fruited “Dachnitsa” ripens by June 15-20. The mass of one fruit varies from 6 to 8 gr. The rind on the berries is very thin, colorless juice can be extracted from the creamy pulp.

There is another attractive variety - “Large-fruited”. The name of the variety eloquently characterizes it. The first fruits of the plant gives the 4 year of life. Extraction of pits is very simple.

Having got acquainted with the general features of sweet cherry varieties, it is necessary to evaluate their compliance with the conditions of a particular region. Almost all plants of this species require cross-pollination. But when the weather worsens, it works badly. That is why it is necessary to choose special varieties that will be used in addition to the main plantings. Each time they are selected individually.

In the central part of Russia, the “Home Yellow” sweet cherry is recommended.When choosing it for the Moscow region, the pollinators can become “Iput”, “Ovstuzhenka” or “Tyutchevka”. The tree itself calmly endures long cold periods and frost returns. In the same region, you can grow "Cheremashny" cherry. The argument in favor of this variety is its increased resistance to infection by fungus.

A different set of sweet cherry varieties is used for central Russia. It should be borne in mind that, in reality, this region has other borders than those indicated in the state variety registry. Practicing agronomists usually include:

• North-West (except Kaliningrad and its environs);
• the center of Chernozem region;
• the center of the European part of the country;
• Middle Volga;
• Volga-Vyatka territory (except for a small part).

It is easier to grow sweet cherry with yellow fruits in all these territories than plants with berries of a different color: it is much better adapted to local conditions. The already mentioned “Drogana” grows well in the middle lane, for which the variety “Gaucher” can become a pollinator. Among the early ripening plants attracts the attention of "Orlovskaya Amber", to remove the berries with which you can already in the last two weeks of June. The average fruit weight is 5.6 g. They are eaten immediately, but not processed.

The disadvantage of the “Oryol” sweet cherry can be considered an excessively thin peel. Mature fruits are easily showered. You can get the berries for 4 years, and for each of the following season the collection grows. Mature trees give 35 kg of cherries. “Hotel” and “Vityaz” are recommended for pollination.

Regardless of the variety selected, good pre-plowing is very important. After it is necessary to form the wells for landing. The depth of the fossa should be about 0.9 m, and the width - 0.8-1 m. Since the roots of the cherry are developing actively, an excessively close planting is excluded. The minimum allowable gap is 3 or 4 meters. Also, long shadows from developed crowns should be considered.

Soil adjustment is usually done before planting. Clay is mixed with sand, and with an excess of sand, on the contrary, clay is added. All wells are supplied with a special soil mixture, which includes:

• 20 kg of fertile land;
• 2 kg of ammonium sulfate and superphosphate;
• 1 kg of potash fertilizer, ash and manure.

When the mixture is laid, put a column for support, and a seedling is tied to it. It is very important to put a sweet cherry in the middle. Having tied a plant, gently drop it and water it, and then mulch it.

In order for the sweet cherry to grow and develop well, it will need to be watered, fertilized, and also cut off the crown. For the first time you need to take a pruner after landing. At this point, the gardener's task is to balance the underground and visible parts. Four of the strongest branches cut by 1/3, get rid of all the others. The second time, pruning will be needed only next year, when it will be necessary to form new branches growing sideways.

The ideal crown of cherry has several tiers and moderate thickness. The initial tier is formed by three large branches, on the second there is a pair of skeletal shoots. For the third tier, only one branch is allocated. Intensive formative pruning is carried out in the first five years of plant life. Starting from the sixth year of cultivation of sweet cherries, only weak, dead and diseased areas are removed from it.

In principle, there should be no weeds around the tree. Therefore, all owners of gardens where cherry grows, are obliged to take care of systematic weeding. At the same time, from year to year the trunk circle becomes wider. As for watering, it is done only 3 times a year, since an abundance of moisture is contraindicated. Peat and fallen leaves are used for annual mulching, but both types of mulch are laid only after loosening and feeding the ground around the trunk.

In order to bring more bees and other insects to the cherry, in the summer the trunk is poured with small portions of honey solution.Doing this too often is not necessary. Very good, when the areas between the trees are occupied by ordinary garden crops. This technique increases the winter security cherries. At the beginning and end of the vegetative season, it relies to whiten the trunks so that there are no cracks on the bark.

How to grow a sweet cherry, see the following video.